The Nature Of A Human Being Means - 2165 Words

Seeing the significance in anything from an object to a human being means that it has grown to have sentimental value and has become important enough be kept around. While it is normal for others to choose to place worth on physical things such as materialistic entities, Confucians have long treasured practices that were deemed significant enough to be passed down to future generations to benefit from. These practices are unique in their own ways and have engrained itself into traditions around the world, people utilize these long-time practices to teach the younger generation about family, respect, honor, prosperity, and much more. Confucians specifically have valued these practices to an extent where they have become rituals that are essential for the young to learn. Due to the reasons that Confucians believed that participating in these rituals would serve as a way for society to strengthen mankind, unite the people, and preserve spirituality within the religion simultaneously. Co nfucius believed that life was a process of transformation with ups and downs, tasks to follow, and stages to pass through as one ages. Therefore, he documented his life journey to be able to recommend to his followers how he thinks life develops and created rituals along the way for everyone to fulfill. Confucianism itself is â€Å"known as a tradition of ritual/ propriety (lijiao)† (Yao 191), therefore it is easy to see why rituals have become such a significant factor within this following.Show MoreRelatedThe Natural Law Theory Of Human Nature954 Words   |  4 PagesIt is our human nature that makes us feel great when we get a job and makes us feel horrible for something we steal something. This is because it feels natural for us to feel that we did something right or wrong. The natural law theory tells us that an action is morally right if it is natural and an action is wrong if it is unnatural. This means that human morality comes from nature and has a purpose to live a good life. If someone’s actions are preventing them from making them live a good life,Read MorePolitics, Society And The State Of Nature930 Words   |  4 PagesPolitics, society and the state of nature are connected. Though Rousseau and Kant state that civil society and humanity amongst citizens can only be found if they are not related to the state of nature, in their explanation of laws and society in their political recommendations, the visibility of the state of nature is evident. However, their ways of clarifying nature are not the traditional way. They took a more aggressive approach to defining the purpose of state of nature in relation to politics andRead MoreWhat It Means to be Human644 Words   |  3 PagesAt some point in time we have all wondered what it means to human, and what we are supposed to do with our lives. Throughout the centuries, there have been gradual changes in what it means to be human. Through Pico della Mirandola we will how man became the m easure and took the place of God, through Charles Darwin we will see how nature and science began to take the place of man, and through the art of Friedrich we can visually see all of these changes. Before the Renaissance, God was the measureRead MoreThe Meaning Of Human Nature870 Words   |  4 PagesThe Meaning of Human Nature The social contract seems to be open to be an ideology that is left to interpretation by everyone that has either wrote or read about it based on their individual definitions of what it means to be in the state of nature. Throughout this course we began with Thomas Hobbes, whose beliefs seemed quite ridiculous at times, but his ideas about what it meant to be a person in the state of nature, were supported by what he believed to be true. Much like when Jean-Jacques RousseauRead MoreSociological Theories Of Global Climate Change1611 Words   |  7 Pagesawareness of environmental problems in the 1970s. Environmental sociologists examine and theorize the complex and multifaceted relationship between human beings and their natural environments, including the question: why do social systems tend to exceed their ecological carrying capacities (Nagel et. al., 2010)? Despite its foundational focus on the human-nature nexus, environmental sociologists have only recently turned their resear ch attention to global climate change. There is, however, a great dealRead MoreTheories of Human Nature 670 Words   |  3 Pages The theme of this course is theories of human nature, theories of human nature is an historical scope of philosophy. Theories of human nature provides a philosophical analysis into human nature through the investigation of issues, including the mind and body, perceptions and conception, freedom and determinism, death and immortality, the relation of the human to nature and the divine, and reason and emotion (Professor Galgan, Course Syllabus). The two articles written by Dr. Galgan, â€Å"Infinity andRead MoreTheories Of Human Nature By Karl Marx And Thomas Hobbes Essay1656 Words   |  7 PagesIn both theories of human nature by Karl Marx and Thomas Hobbes respectfully, each provide their own perspective on the fundamental point of human nature. Marx makes the argument that that humans are inherently cooperative and the capitalist system creates a state of nature where humans are competitive. In opposition to Marx’ argument, Hobbes may say that humans are inherently competi tive and the social contract is what makes humans cooperate within the capitalist system. In response, Marx mightRead MoreAquinas View On Happiness1271 Words   |  6 Pagesrather than subjective well-being. He asserts that human happiness does not consist in acquiring things such as money, honor, fame, power, goods of the body, or pleasure. He also claims that complete, i.e. perfect, happiness can only be achieved by contemplating God in the afterlife. I will discuss arguments for, arguments against, and my opinion for both claims. To support Aquinas’ claim that money, honor, fame, power, goods of the body, or pleasure is not required for human happiness, one may citeRead MoreEast Asian Concept Of Human Nature1715 Words   |  7 PagesEast Asian Concept of human nature Introduction The Eastern Asia region is diverse. It include: Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam, Taoism, Shinto and Christianity. Confucianism and Buddhism and Taoism have dominated most parts of the region with some states governing system being based on these religions. Chinese government, constitution and the administration policies have been based on the ethics of Confucian traditions and ethics as well as philosophy. Similar to the governing ethics in these regionRead MoreThe Political Theories Of Machiavelli, Niccolo Machiavelli And Thomas Hobbes1456 Words   |  6 Pagesviews of human nature, which is what people are fundamentally like. In order for a political theory to function in a certain society, it needs to understand how people think and act. Three prominent political theorists were Aristotle, Niccolo Machiavelli, and Thomas Hobbes. Aristotle viewed humans as natural â€Å"political animals† that have both rational and irrational sides to them, allowing for a government that pr ovided overall goodness for the people. Machiavelli took a more grim view of human nature

Home Is Where You Are Free - 846 Words

Home is where you are free Mississippi Masala is a movie that follows a man (Jay) and his family from their expulsion of Uganda to their arrival in Greenwood, Mississippi. They live in a hotel that is owned by their relatives who are a traditional indian family. The plot thickens when Mina (Jay’s daughter) meets Demetrius who is an african american carpet cleaner. As their relationship grows, their families start to get involved; this prevents them from seeing each other. This is ironic because Jay left Uganda after his african brother told him â€Å"Africa is for africans,black africans† (2:50) and now Jay is dishing out that same racism. The movie ends with Demetrius and Mina running away together finally finding their version of â€Å"home†. The concept of home in Mississippi Masala is first demonstrated as a geographic location (with Jay), then it is synonymous with family(with Demetrius), finally home is presented as the achievement of freedom and the breaki ng of traditional confinement. Mina has trouble defining â€Å"home† but goes through three necessary steps in order to truly understand the concept of â€Å"home†. First she denounces the idea of Uganda as her home, as well as her family but she still tolerates it. Then she expresses her true self, first shown in the club scene and then again in her room at the hotel. Finally she runs away with Demetrius breaking traditional confinement therefore defining home. Mina complicates the idea of home in this movie because unlikeShow MoreRelatedI Am Talking About My Grandparent s Home1506 Words   |  7 Pageshaven for me, but also a spot to where I could just be free and relax from all obstacles life has thrown. The place I am talking about is my Grandmother s house. As a child, my cousins and I would visit her and my grandfather. Coinciding with their home and personalities, their yard alone, was so full of life. Of course family were not the only people who were allowed to visit their home. Anyone who had problems at home, nowhere to go, or just wanted to be somewhere where there is peace and quiet wereRead MoreThe Prospect Of Long Term Unemployment1401 Words   |  6 PagesPeople often defend their homes with every fiber of their being. No matter what’s happening, or how bad it gets, the homestead must be protected at all costs. I kind of understand that conviction. But at the same time I also wonder if homeownership can become an unsustainable burden when you’re facing a career crisis or some other sort of money crisis. In fact, there are at least five reasons why it might be better to sell your house if you were facing a money crisis, rather than trying to holdRead More`` We The Animals `` By Justin Torres1207 Words   |  5 PagesYou can be born free, you can die free, you can be free your entire life, and you still may never feel that you are as unbridled as you should be. In our lives, we each face our own confinements. Whether they be a job we hate, someone we cannot untangle ourselves from, or a family that, in meaning to hold us close, holds us down. In the novel We The Animals by Justin Torres the reader faces the freedom, desperation, and internment of Ma. Ma is the matriarch of the household. She raises three youngRead MoreSummary Of On Racist Speech By Charles R Lawrence1040 Words   |  5 PagesIn Charles R. Lawrence, narrative story â€Å"On Racist Speech† the narrator uses the free speech and the first amendment to address the issue in which black students have no rights aroun d their school and no saying on the decision that other people make. Also, Lawrence talks about how racist speech should not be allowed and the first amendment should not protect against it. The narrative confronts that free speech shouldn’t be allowed on the main college campus and the author uses many examples to supportRead MoreTheme Of Individualism In Anthem By Ayn Rand1247 Words   |  5 Pagestransgression. The government enforces the idea of collectivism to the society. They believe that in the human race each person is not single. The protagonist, Equality 7-2521 wants to be an independent person. He wants to be free. As stated in the novel, â€Å"To be free, a man must be free of his brothers.† This statement means that in order to be successful, he has to be his own person. As the novel goes on Equality 7-2521 learns to be an independent man and frees himself from the society which forces collectivismRead MoreThe Relevence of Free Will615 Words   |  3 P ageswho we are. But we also have free will. -Aidan Quinn Basically this quote is saying how we are raised in the home determines a big factory of how discipline we are however we still must take into consideration that we are still held accountable for our action regardless. Although how we were raised in the home play a major role with the choices we make in our entire lives as an individual. I do believe that morals have a strong factor in free will and determinism. Homes that teach morals and valuesRead MoreWhy Guns Should not be Banned1223 Words   |  5 PagesDid you know you are 4 times more likely to be killed with a knife or other cutting instrument than you are by a rifle or a shotgun? Gun rights and gun control are always hot items during any political discussion, whether it is between peers or politicians. One of the many great advantages to being an American is the ability to choose for ones own self what to believe in. Another advantage, in my opinion, is the right of the people to keep and bear arms. Laws should not restrict gun rights becauseRead MoreSample Article On Web Article Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesDeclutter Your Home to Get Abundance in Life By Russ Cooper | Submitted On January 21, 2010 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Russ Cooper If you have an ongoing problem with clutter it isnRead MorePsychology Is The Study Of People s Minds And Behaviors1710 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude the detentions of health, different types of disorders, like anxiety, and destiny, free will, fate, decisions, values, integrity, moral, and ethics. The dimensions of health and their characteristics, mental and social health, comparing and contrasting internal and external factors of self-esteem and self-efficiency. Anxiety disorder, what it is, how common it is, and signs symptoms and treatments. Destiny, free will, fate, decisions, values, integrity, moral, and ethics what they are and examplesRead MoreComparing And Contrasting Websites816 Words   |  4 Pagesand which site where we are most likely to purchase and book and explain why. Similarities The three websites are all similar as far as design layout. All three share an automatic rotating header screen that changes on average every five seconds. A search box can be located at the top left. The option to create an account or to log-in is located at the top right. Menu shortcuts are listed at the top and across the whole page. When scrolling you can find recommendations

Furniture Design Metropolitan Living Standards

Question: Discuss about theFurniture Designfor Metropolitan Living Standards. Answer: Wang, Shiyao. "An analysis of transformable space saving furniture." (2013). The article provides a deeper understanding of the metropolitan living standards of people in the modern cities. The author illustrates a clear picture of the innovative designs of flats and furniture in the residential complex of China. High population density is the reason of existence of this concept. The article will help the audience in gaining a vivid knowledge on the potential value and importance of space saving transformable furniture in various metropolitan cities. Apart from that, it also describes the future of this furniture in Chinese and US markets along with its application and developments in future[1]. There are many other pieces of works that are researched regarding this topic. Other research topics related to the space saving furniture describes about different aspects of it. This article describes the gaps between poor and rich as well as price of the house and high energy. Transformable furniture is the modern form of furniture that fits well in the modern residential complexes. These categories of furniture include space saving tables, beds, chairs, assembly hardware, etc. New employed youths are taking flats that have many household things. This furniture will actually fit in the complexes with modern designs and facilities. Tim, Synder.Space Saving Home Design: Make Your House Feel Bigger. Ebook. 1st ed. Mother Earth News. https://www.motherearthnews.com/diy/home/space-saving-furniture-zm0z13aszmar. (2016). Different types of home designs are manufactured that saves space. The author in this article focuses on the multipurpose use of furniture in modern homes. Author has emphasized on the decoration and designing of homes in the developed cities of the world. The author in the article develops a plan. Space saving multipurpose furniture is the future of the home furnishing in modern flats and homes. The audience on reading the article will get to know about planning of home dcor by young people. Many problems related to keeping of household articles are solved in this article[2]. In small apartments or home, clutter is a problematic situation that reduces the efficiency of the small space living. Author to solve the space related issues in these types of homes or apartments provides solutions. Author provides the plan that is based on five years of experience in the field. The article describes about five steps of planning in a clean and precise way that is not present in other journal articles. The five step planning includes multiplying the multipurpose rooms, making over the region of closet, building smart furniture, ditching the clutter and working with the walls. Gudkova, Tatyana Valentinovna, and Alexei Alexeyevich Gudkov. "Representation of Elite Values of the Modern Society in Minimalist Living Architectural Space."Indian Journal of Science and Technology8, no. s (10) (2015). The authors of this journal article are based to information and technology. The values of the modern societies in architectural spaces are the illustration of the elite values. Architectural space in minimal living in advantageous location is a rational solution for the utilization of spaces and simplification of life in the busy schedule. Elite social benefits of high class living include value of time, nature, freedom and peace. Technologies are used to incorporate these values in the buildings of the modern apartments. Scientists and other architectural designers are characterized as urban and rationalistic nature. It expresses the functionality of life in a minimalistic architectural form. The architectural designs are formulated for the high pattern lifestyle of the people in urban places. The style of living usually suits the technology used in designing modern furniture in the living spaces. The space minimizing furniture is used in these houses for utilization of maximum spaces[3]. The minimal living architecture in the modern living residential complexes focuses on various elite benefits. The construction of buildings and furniture are using technology and science for utilization of spaces. It helps in minimization of various objects in the interior of the house that helps in easier cleaning of houses. Abdulpader, Oday Q., Omar A. Sabah, and Hussien S. Abdullah. "Impact of Flexibility Principle on the Efficiency of Interior Design."International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, Applied Sciences Technologies3, no. 5 (2014): 195-212. The authors of the article focus on the efficiency and flexibility of the interior design of urban apartments and houses. The flexibility of the design helps in solving many problems that the architects face while planning the interior design of living spaces. Here comes the concept of space saving furniture. The audience of the article will have a knowledge of the flexibility of the furniture manufacturing. The modern furniture manufacturers put emphasis on the problems on the horizontal planes and flexibility of the economical efficiency. It is focused on minimum space and different materials[4]. The solutions of the usual problem faced by architects and interior designers are these space minimizing transformable furniture. Multi-storied buildings in urban and suburban places are lacking in spaces. The reduced space problem gives birth to the technology that manufactures modern furniture that consumes less space. There are different variables related to sustainability of energy savings, area savings, increasing and division feelings, etc. that the manufacturers of the furniture are facing. The modern techniques and technologies are used by the furniture manufacturers. Xiang, Y. U. E. "Analysis of Space-saving Furniture Design."Journal of Jilin Teachers Institute of Engineering and Technology4 (2013): 023. The journal article focuses on the detailed analysis of various designs of space saving furniture. The author describes about the new trends and patterns of these categories of furniture in different urban areas of the world. The characteristics of the space saving furniture are compact in nature. The author of the article put emphasis on different scopes of the modern transformable furniture. Audience of this article will get to know about a clear vivid picture of the different patterns, designs and usability of the space saving furniture designs. Analysis of different designs will help in selecting the required patterns of the particular type of furniture in their home. Apart from this, there are many factors that are taken into considerations by different engineers and furniture manufacturers. Time and space are the constraints that are taken into considerations both by furniture manufacturers and customers of the furniture. Selection of the patterns of furniture depends on various usability factors[5]. The structures of the furniture are small and compact. Modular design including narrow space are used by the structures in the living places. Moreover, these can be transformed into other forms. It is beneficial for the areas where the residential complexes are small in size but having high population. Edwards, Clive. "Multum in Parvo:A Place for Everything and Everything in its Place. Modernism, Space-saving Bedroom Furniture and the Compactom Wardrobe."Journal of Design History(2013): 18. In this article, the author describes about the theme of modernism. The theme of modernism is illustrated by the placement of space saving furniture of wardrobe and bedroom furniture. Post modernism and modernism both are the concepts that are used in construction of the flats and residential complexes. The evolutionary approach of the patterns refers to different bedroom and closets pattern. There are different patterns of closets and bedroom used by people in many parts of the world. There is a class followed by the British people. Audience will get a classic hint of the taste and preference of the British lifestyle[6]. The class and consumption of the modernism refers to the social class of the people. The advertising of the design of the product of the furniture is space saving furniture. Contemporary styles of the furniture are preferred by many people of the world. The space saving and time saving furniture of the different types of residential complexes is following trends of modernism. There are many approaches that the users of the furniture i.e. the dwellers of modern residential complexes are following. Modern designs of furniture are not only manufactured on low space taking but also a style matters a lot to many customers of the world. References Shinagawa, Yoshitoshi, Ayuko Shigeta, and Kiyoshi Nosu. "Preliminary evaluation of input devices for furniture layout systems employing augmented reality."IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering9, no. 3 (2014): 337-339. LI, Fei, Tian-yu CHEN, Feng ZHOU, and Zhe-yu ZHANG. "The Design of Space Saving Office Unit Based on Ergonomics."Packaging Engineering18 (2012): 015. Wilson, Christopher S. "Review: Victor Lundy: Sculptor of Space."Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians74, no. 1 (2015): 135-135. Xinyi, Zhang. "The Collocation Method of Furniture in Office Space."Furniture Interior Design5 (2012): 025.

Steve Jobs Leadership free essay sample

However, there are limitations to Jobs leadership at Apple with factors such as shareholders,   corporate governance, corporate social responsibility policies and critical management studies all factors which restrict his leadership to an extent. Due to what Steve Jobs has achieved in his career, and his leadership style, this has made him a hugely well liked man. An example of this popularity is, â€Å" Steve Jobs is thought of very highly not just by those within his industry, but the wider business community. Even Bill Gates, seen as Jobs’ nemesis, has a great deal of respect for his rival. ( www. telegraph. com ). This portrays how highly Jobs is regarded, and the degree of appreciation which he has exerted from others. Steve Jobs is seen as an idol and role model in the eyes of many people. Steve Jobs is an ethical leader. He does a lot of good out with the business scene. We will write a custom essay sample on Steve Jobs Leadership or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jobs got highly involved in trying to get a living organ donor registry for California, with Jobs joining the governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger in introducing the legislation. The perception among people is that Steve Jobs played a prominent role in getting the legislation passed. An example of this recognition is, â€Å" the idea of a registry for living kidney donors only gained enough political support from Alquist’s senate colleagues and the governor to make it into the formal bill this past March thanks to one man : Apple CEO Steve Jobs. â€Å" ( www. businessinsider. com ). This shows that Jobs is an ethical leader, as it is not only within Apple he strives for improvement, but outside Apple, he strives to improve issues which he feels should be bettered and which are beneficial to communities. The type of culture which Steve Jobs has created at Apple is Organizational. According to Edgar Schein, who is a highly respected man having made a mark in organizational development, organizational culture is about being creative and developing inventive products, for example, â€Å" Inspired by Schein’s thinking and that of other management gurus’, managers wholeheartedly embraced the idea of organizational culture during the 1980’s to the point where you were nobody unless you were working on creating a dynamic and innovative corporate culture. ( Jackson and Parry, 2008; p. 65 ). This is exactly the style of leadership which Jobs has put into place at Apple, as he constantly strives to bring out premium products of huge quality. He endeavours to develop unique products which have never been seen before, to gain a competitive advantage. The cultural dimension of leadership at Apple is Collectivism. Jobs has created a structure within the company whereby all me mbers of a team work hard of each other, and also where each team leader manages his or her team effectively. The Collectivism dimension is described as, â€Å" In collectivist societies leaders will be expected to keep the good of the in – group uppermost in their minds. â€Å" ( Jackson and Parry, 2008; p. 70 ). This is the dimension of leadership in place at Apple as Steve Jobs has the ability to praise employees in areas in which they have done a good job, and tries to keep a positive mentality across the team. Steve Jobs possesses positive leadership attributes, for example, he is intelligent, he has a dynamic personality and he is a motivational leader. An example of his impressive attributes is, â€Å" Mr Jobs had built a reputation as a demanding leader who could take technologies and make them popular with the general public. â€Å" ( www. bbc. co. uk ). Steve Jobs has highly impressive leadership attributes, and he is a huge reason as to why Apple has been such a successful company. Leadership is â€Å" critical in codifying and maintaining an organizations’ purpose, values, and vision. â€Å" ( PM World Today Journal ). Having good leadership methods in place at an organization is vital in bringing success to a company. Steve Jobs is highly stimulated and has a strong idea of what he wants for Apple to achieve in upcoming periods. He is a transformational leader, and this, â€Å" represents the most popular current view of leadership. This leader is characterised by a capacity to create a highly motivating and absorbing vision of the future, and has the capability to energise others to pursue the vision. â€Å" ( Claremont McKenna College Journal ). Jobs has put in a huge effort to create a strong framework of control and direction, for example, â€Å" Since returning to Apple, Steve has put as much energy into creating a strong management structure as he has into the products. â€Å" ( www. ft. com ). This is highly effective leadership, trying to improve the design of the organisation in order to achieve more efficiency. Part of looking at leadership from a critical perspective includes looking at leadership discourse. Having looked at the different types of leadership discourse, the most appropriate choice for Steve Jobs as a controller is Iron Cage. Iron Cage leadership is about getting the most production possible through guidance. An example of this is, Comfortable iron cage maximises production through increased motivation and promoting personal growth and team work. ( Hibbert, 2011, p. 9 ). This is exactly the type of leadership which Steve Jobs has developed at Apple. He is a highly motivational leader, and he tries to install this characteristic into his workers. Steve Jobs also places much emphasise on good team working abilities, as this is vital in obtaining success. An example of the importance of team work within an organisation is, The increased pressure on professionals to perform their tasks at faster speeds, and with more quality creates the need for team work. ( Psychology and Human Development Journal ). The vitality of effective team work is portrayed by this example, and one of Steve Jobs major objectives is to maintain a workforce which strives to co-operate and work for each other. It could be suggested that at Apple, Steve Jobs follows the team leadership model. This model seems appropriate to Jobs’ leadership style, as it is described as, â€Å" Leaders can use the model to help them make decisions about the current state of their team and the specific actions they need to take, if any, to improve the team’s functioning. â€Å" ( Northouse, 2010, p. 256 ). This is the model which Steve Jobs relates to. He is constantly trying to enhance any areas of the team which could be amended, to try and maximise efficiency within his teams, as this is going to improve the chances of his teams developing products of their maximum capabilities.

buy custom Health Care Industry essay

buy custom Health Care Industry essay In an attempt to placate the health care industry, President Obama launched a new iniative to improve the health of the American consumer. A torrent of criticism followed regarding government regulation of food consumption. While this knee-jerk reaction has flooded the media, I propose we look individually at the measures proposed by President Obama, and assess the pros and cons of these wide reaching changes. Issue 1. All school food will become monitored for nutrition quality. Junk food and empty calories will not be served in a public school system, instead they will be replaced with healthier, more nutritious foods. America has an ongoing childhood obesity epidemic causing more disease, unhealthier children, and increased health care costs. The cost of treating type II diabetes in children was over $127 million last year, a disease that could be prevented with a modified diet and a less sedentary lifestyle (Gavin). The major provider for a school age child is the public school system, so government has a responsibility to monitor the school lunches for nutritional quality. This will increase the health of the American child, a necessity in light of the pandemic of obesity. It will also give government responsibility of what some see as a parents responsibility. Will mandated nutrition produce healthier children? Issue 2. All restaurants must have calorie content and nutrition facts available to the customer, so that the consumer can make educated food choices (Popovich). This creates a national standard for restaurants and vending machines to inform the customer of the quality and nutritional composition of the food being served. The label will look the same as te label on our consumer goods at the grocery store, enabling quick reference for an easy decision. The additional cost to the menu will be absorbed by the restaurant. The positive aspect is the increased information available for the consumer to make a choice, the negative is the cost of the new menus will be passed from the restaurant to the consumer. Will this change the bad choices Americans are eating? Issue 3. The Government food program and WIC have been increased by .06 cents per recipient, amounting to an increase in the Federal Budget from $39 billion to $75 billion. The national poverty level has increased and unemployment has increased, swelling the rolls of those receiving food stamps by over $5 billion Obamas first year in office (Bradley). These people are dependent upon food stamps to provide their basic nutritional needs. This bill will increase the food quantity available to the needy. Unfortunately, this small increase will be swallowed by the increase in the consumer price of food. Will this pittance make the same dent in American health as it will in the national deficit? Issue 4. Soda and Sales Tax Debate - America consumes more than 10% of its daily calories in the form of sugar-lace drinking beverages. Not only is this economically foolish, it is physically unhealthy, as evidenced by the rise in sugary based drinks that parallels the increase in body fat and obesity in the American consumer (Siegel). A Soda and Sales tax would deter consumer spending and possibility allow the consumer to reconsider the wisdom of a high-calorie purchase. A sales tax would increase revenue for the federal budget, needed to cover the costs of the health care bill. Connsumers would benefit by shifting their soda dollars to healthy food choices. Beverage makers would have to change their product lines and advertising, a successful market that today is making $110 billion annually. How will the beverage industry recover from this challenge? Will this abruptly effect the economy by decreasing jobs while funneling income to Research and Development? Issue 5. Food Safety Bill-Food Safety Monitoring Act of January, 2011, gives sweeping power to the Food and Drug Administration and the Secretary of Health and Human Services. FSMA will now issue mandatory recalls for products determined to be unsafe. This bill expands the power of the FDA, and increases inspectors, with an expected cost of over $1.4 billion dollars. As American food is being provided more by the manufacturer and less by the American farmer, personal or corporate responsibility is no longer a budget choice for agri-business. American people will be protected from greedy profiteers and benefit from safer food. The CDC stated that food-borne illnesses and fatalities have decreased since 1998 (Winkler). Is this a necessary improvement and who will pay for this it? Government intervention is a necessity as long as American consumers continue to make bad choices that threaten the security and safety of our country. In a press conference on obesity, Mrs. Obama quoted generals saying that unhealthy food choices are a national security threat because weight problems are the leading medical reason that [military] recruits are rejected (Jalonik). We have compromised our national security as a result of our reckless food choices and sedentary lifestyles. Buy custom Health Care Industry essay

Aztec Sacrifice - The Meaning of Ritual Human Killings

Aztec Sacrifice - The Meaning of Ritual Human Killings Aztec sacrifices were famously a part of the Aztec culture, famous in part because of deliberate propaganda out of the Spanish conquistadors in Mexico, who at the time were involved in executing heretics and opponents in bloody ritual displays as part of the Spanish Inquisition. The over-emphasis on the role of human sacrifice has led to a distorted view of Aztec society: but it is also true that violence formed a regular and ritualized part of life in Tenochtitlan. Key Takeaways: Aztec Sacrifice Sacrifices were a regular and ritualized part of life in 15th- and 16th-century Aztec capital cities.  The numbers and extent of the practice were almost certainly inflated by Spanish conquistadors.  Reasonable estimates are between 1000 and 20,000 human sacrifices per year in Tenochitlan; the Spanish claimed much more.The main religious purpose was to renew and sustain life, and to communicate with the gods.  As a political tool, sacrifice was used terrorize Aztec subjects and legitimize the Aztec rulers and the state itself. How Common Was Human Sacrifice? As many Mesoamerican people did, the Aztec/Mexica believed that sacrifice to the gods was necessary to ensure the continuity of the world and the balance of the universe. They distinguished between two types of sacrifice: those involving humans and those involving animals or other offerings. Human sacrifices included both self-sacrifice, such as bloodletting, in which people would cut or perforate themselves; as well as the sacrifice of the lives of other human beings. Although both were quite frequent, the second one gained the Aztecs the fame of being a bloodthirsty and brutal people who worshiped cruel deities. Meaning of Aztec Sacrifices For the Aztecs, human sacrifice fulfilled multiple purposes, both at the religious and socio-political level. They considered themselves the â€Å"elected† people, the people of the Sun who had been chosen by the gods to feed them and by doing so were responsible for the continuity of the world. On the other hand, as the Mexica became the most powerful group in Mesoamerica, human sacrifice acquired the added value of political propaganda: requiring subject states to offer up human sacrifice was a way to maintain control over them. The rituals connected with the sacrifices included the so-called Flowery Wars intended not to kill the enemy but rather to obtain slaves and live war captives for sacrifices. This practice served to subjugate their neighbors and send a political message to both their own citizens as well as foreign leaders. A recent cross-cultural study by Watts et al. (2016) argued that human sacrifice also propped up and supported the elite class structure. But Pennock (2011) argues that to simply write off Aztecs as bloodthirsty and uncivilized mass murderers misses the central purpose of human sacrifice in Aztec society: as a deeply held belief system and part of the requirements for the renewal, sustaining and refreshing of life. Forms of Aztec Sacrifices Chac-Mool (divine messenger bearing offerings) in stone with traces of colour, Sanctuary of Tlaloc, Templo Mayor, Tenochtitlan (Mexico City), Mexico. Aztec civilization, ca 1390 CE. De Agostino / G. Dagli Orti / De Agostini Picture Library / Getty Images Plus Human sacrifice among the Aztec usually involved death by heart extraction. The victims were chosen carefully according to their physical characteristics and how they related to the gods to whom they would be sacrificed. Some gods were honored with brave war captives, other with slaves. Men, women, and children were sacrificed, according to the requirements. Children were specially chosen to be sacrificed to Tlaloc, the rain god. The Aztecs believed that the tears of newborn or very young children could ensure rain. The most important place where sacrifices took place was the Huey Teocalli at the Templo Mayor (Great Temple) of Tenochtitlan. Here a specialist priest removed the heart from the victim and threw the body down the steps of the pyramid; and the victims head was cut off and placed on the tzompantli, or skull rack. Mock Battles and Flowery Wars However, not all sacrifices took place on top of pyramids. In some cases, mock-battles were organized between the victim and a priest, in which the priest fought with real weapons and the victim, tied to a stone or a wooden frame, fought with wooden or feathered ones. Children sacrificed to Tlaloc were often carried to the god’s sanctuaries on top of the mountains that surround Tenochtitlan and the Basin of Mexico in order to be offered to the god. The chosen victim would be treated as a personification on earth of the god until the sacrifice took place. The preparation and purification rituals often lasted more than one year, and during this period the victim was taken care of, fed, and honored by servants. The Sun Stone of Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina (or Montezuma I, who ruled between 1440-1469) is an enormous carved monument discovered at the Templo Mayor in 1978. It features elaborate carvings of 11 enemy city-states and likely served as a gladiatorial stone, a dramatic platform for gladiatorial combat between Mexica warriors and captives. Most ritual killings were practiced by religious specialists, but Aztec rulers themselves often took part in the dramatic ritual sacrifices such as the dedication of Tenochtitlans Templo Mayor in 1487. Ritual human sacrifice also took place during elite feasting, as part of a display of power and material wealth. Categories of Human Sacrifice Mexican archaeologist Alfredo Là ³pez Austin (1988) described four types of Aztec sacrifice: images, beds, owners of skin, and payments. Images (or ixpitla) are sacrifices in which the victim was costumed as a particular god, becoming transformed into the deity at a magic ritual time. These sacrifices repeated the ancient mythical time when a god died so his force would be reborn, and the death of the human-god impersonators allowed the rebirth of the god. The second category was what Là ³pez Austin called the beds of the gods, referring to retainers, those victims killed in order to accompany an elite personage to the underworld. The owners of skins sacrifice is that associated with Xipe Totec, those victims whose skins were removed and worn as costumes in rituals. These rituals also provided body part war trophies, in which the warriors who captured the victim were awarded a femur to display at home. Human Remains as Evidence Apart from the Spanish and indigenous texts describing rituals involving human sacrifice, there is also ample archaeological evidence for the practice. Recent investigations at the Templo Mayor have identified the burials of high-ranking personages who were ritually buried following cremation. But the majority of human remains found in Tenochtitlan excavations were sacrificed individuals, some beheaded and some with their throats cut. One offering at the Templo Mayor (#48) contained the remains of approximately 45 children sacrificed to  Tlaloc. Another at  Tlatelolcos Temple R, dedicated to the Aztec god of the rain, Ehecatl-Quetzalcoatl, contained 37 children and six adults. This sacrifice was carried out at Temple Rs dedication during the great drought and famine of 1454–1457 CE. The Tlatelolco project has identified thousands of human burials which were ritually deposited or sacrificially offered. In addition, evidence of human blood residue at the House of the Eagles in Tenochtitlans ceremonial precinct indicates bloodletting activities. Là ³pez Austins fourth category was sacrificial debt payments. These types of sacrifices are epitomized by the creation myth of Quetzalcoatl (the Feathered Serpent) and Tezcatlipoca (Smoking Mirror) who transformed into serpents and tore apart the earth goddess, Tlaltecuhtli, angering the rest of the Aztec pantheon. To make amends, the Aztecs needed to feed Tlaltecuhtlis endless hunger with human sacrifices, thereby staving off total destruction. How Many? According to some Spanish records, 80,400 people were slaughtered at the dedication of the Templo Mayor, a number likely exaggerated by either the Aztecs or the Spanish, both of whom had reason to inflate the numbers. The number 400 had a significance to Aztec society, meaning something like too many to count or the biblical notion involved in the word legion. There is no doubt that an unusually high number of sacrifices did occur, and 80,400 could be construed to mean 201 times too many to count. Based on the Florentine codex, scheduled rituals included a figure of around 500 victims a year; if those rituals were conducted in each of the calpulli districts of the city, that would be multiplied by 20. Pennock argues persuasively for an annual number of victims in Tenochtitlan of between 1,000 and 20,000. Edited and updated by K. Kris Hirst Sources Ball, Tanya Corissa. The Power of Death: Hierarchy in the Representation of Death in Pre- and Post-Conquest Aztec Codices. Multilingual Discourses 1.2 (2014): 1–34. Print.Berdan, Frances F. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Print.Boone, Elizabeth Hill, and Rochelle Collins. The Petroglyphic Prayers on the Sun Stone of Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina. Ancient Mesoamerica 24.2 (2013): 225–41. Print.De Lucia, Kristin. Everyday Practice and Ritual Space: The Organization of Domestic Ritual in Pre-Aztec Xaltocan, Mexico. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 24.03 (2014): 379–403. Print.Klein, Cecelia F. Gender Ambiguity and the Toxcatl Sacrifice. Tezcatlipoca: Trickster and Supreme Deity. Ed. Baquedano, Elizabeth. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2014. 135–62. Print.Là ³pez Austin, Alfredo. The Human Body and Ideology: Concepts of the Ancient Nahuas. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1988.Pennock, Caroline Dodds. Mass Murder or Religious Homicide? Rethinking Human Sacrifice and Interpersonal Violence in Aztec Society. Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung 37.3 (141) (2012): 276–302. Print. Schwartz, Glenn M. The Archaeological Study of Sacrifice. Annual Review of Anthropology 46.1 (2017): 223–40. Print.Watts, Joseph, et al. Ritual Human Sacrifice Promoted and Sustained the Evolution of Stratified Societies. Nature 532.7598 (2016): 228–31. Print.

Providing school guidance with children that are being bullied Research Paper

Providing school guidance with children that are being bullied - Research Paper Example ng through email, instant messaging, in a chat room, on a website or gaming site, or through digital messages or images sent to a cellular phone† (Kowalski, Limber, & Agatston 2007, as cited in Tippett, Thompson, & Smith, n.d., p.1). The pervasive and insidious character of cyber bullying enabling it to penetrate even the sanctuary of homes has increasingly worried parents as they know that the technology to which their children are largely exposed to is the same technology that cyber bullies anonymously manipulate to harm others (Mclaughlin, 2008, par.3). Statistical data on the extent of bullying vary. â€Å"However, the general consensus is that one out of three children are bullied at school, in the neighborhood, or online and that one out of three children bully others† (American Association of School Administrators, 2009, p.7). â€Å"Surveys indicate that as many as half of all children are bullied at some time during their school years, and at least 10% are bullied on a regular basis† (American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2008, par.1). International studies revealed that, â€Å"bullying is common and affects anywhere from 9% to 54% of children† (Yale University 2008, par.6). â€Å"Nearly three in four teenagers say they were bullied online at least once during a recent 12-mont period† (University of California, 2008, par. 1). Californian researchers’ new study discovered that almost 90% of third graders to sixth graders experienced being bullied, while 56% admitted being bullies themselves (Harding, 2007, par. 1). Much had been documented about the effects of bullying. â€Å"An estimated 160,000 children miss school everyday out of fear of attack or intimidation by other students† (â€Å"Watch for warning signs,† 2006, par. 1). â€Å"Children who are bullied suffer more greatly from anxiety, depression, loneliness, and post-traumatic stress than do other children, and they have a heightened risk of suicide (Marini, Dane, Bosacki, & YLC-CURA 2006,

Research Report - Esprit Holdings (Management Accounting) Essay

Research Report - Esprit Holdings (Management Accounting) - Essay Example We consider the lifestyle and home division to analyze the costing method that is used in this division. This division produces such products as jewels, eye wear, umbrellas, baby carriage, toys and stationery. The most appropriate costing method used in this division is the job costing method, this is due to the fact that each of the above named products produced undergo different activities to achieve the quality and product desired. For example the activities involved in making of jewels are different from the activities involved in the making of toys, for this reason therefore the most appropriate method is the job order costing method that allocates appropriate overheads to the products produced. In the production of lifestyle and home products a number of department are involved, these include the production departments and the support departments. Production departments include the manufacturing department and the quality control department. Support departments include the human resource department, the administration department and the marketing and sales department. These entire departments are important in the smooth running of the company. All companies have costs that are incurred in the production of products, the lifestyle and home division has these costs which include the variable and overhead costs. Some of the major costs include electricity and power costs which are incurred through lighting and the running of machinery in the manufacturing department. The other cost is labor cost which includes direct and indirect labor costs; the production process requires labor while indirect labor costs are evident from the administration and human resource department. Material cost is also a cost incurred by the division and the material costs depend on the product being produced, example material used to make jewels are more expensive than he

Europeans coming to America DBQ Essay Example for Free

Europeans coming to America DBQ Essay In the 14th century the Europeans set out to find an all water route to Asia to trade and get spices, silks, gold, porcelain, and other riches. Little did they no they ended up being the first Europeans to explore the New World. Once the New World was discovered, more and more explorers continued to venture out to this New World. The European explorers kept on coming back to the New World for wealth, an increased amount of power in Europe, to spread the Christian religion, and many more. The arrival of the Europeans impacted the lives of Native Americans in negative ways, the natives died from disease the Europeans brought, were turned into slaves, and had to assimilate to new land. Although there were many negative effects of their arrival there were positive impacts as well such as the exchange of resources. The Europeans changed the Native American ways of life forever. One of the reasons the Europeans came to the new World was to acquire gold. Nicolas Le Challeux who sailed from France in 1565 stated this country was rich in gold (Document 2). Due to the fact that gold was the primary goal to conquistadors, Pizarro and Cortes came to the New World in order to conquer gold filled land. Pizarro and Cortes specifically went to the Aztec and Inca empires because the temples were made of gold. According to the graph entitled, Exports of Gold and Silver from the New World to Spain, it was very clear that within these years, 1576- 1580, much gold was exported from the New World to Spain (Document 3). This is because Pizarro and Cortes conquered the Aztec and Inca empires and took gold. Gold was a big reason for the European Explores to come to the New World.

Merry King Essay -- Globalization, Competition, Software Development

In today's commercial market environment, competition and globalization has increased dramatically. The excessive cost arising from inefficient processes and operation have been considered to be the major causes of losses to the organizations over the past several years. Several organizations, particularly larger companies, recognize the need to hedge and manage against undesired risks. Software development is presently one of the most common risk issues. Adler et.al., (1998) reveal that the software development project includes risk events that can cause damage to improving processes. Moreover, it would be an error of judgment to overlook the significant risk areas of the project as this will impair decision quality and impact massive product changes. Raz et.al., (2002) describe project risks as adverse events that can cause delays, surplus expenditure and dissatisfaction with the project outcome. Apart from this, each project varies in size, duration, uncertainty, complexity, objectives, limitations and others. In an effort to enhance the quality of procedure and minimize the risk profile, better execution and implementation will also reduce undesired performance. Adler et.al., (1998) note that there is a tendency to claim that Cleanroom approach would be more appropriate to improve the overall trustworthiness and quality assurance issues. This essay will first describe how the effects of software risks have a direct impact on day-to-day business activities. It will then define how software risk management plays an important role in coping with the project risks. In the second section, it will introduce two software risk management models namely the Software Risk Evaluation model (SRE) and Cleanroom Softw... ...able for software engineers to monitor quality control that can be scientifically verified in a formal statistical diagram. In a study, Raz et.al., (2002) point out that there is a continuing requirement for an adaptation from the different risk management techniques to the different kind of projects and the improvement of the specific devices to mitigate risk from several different type of projects. In essence, it could be said that many organizations increasingly recognize the importance of software risk management to ensure accessibility of the overall information of the project risks. What is more, Ward (2005) concludes that a company which constantly develops risk management tends to gain a competitive advantage, and it appears probable that a well-defined software risk management practice can assist to increase the company's competitive advantages as well.

Moni Lisa Smile Andralogical Model

Movie â€Å"Moni Lisa Smiles† Related to Andragogical Style of Teaching The movie begins with Katherine Watson (Julia Roberts), in 1953, accepting an art history teaching position at the prestigious New England school for women. She is a liberal and a feminist who was inspired to come to Wellesley to â€Å"make a difference†. After a semester of teaching a progressive, less traditional teaching style, she is given conditions by the alumni that, if she is to stay at Wellesley, she will teach the outlined syllabus and submit her lessons plans for prior approval.This demonstrated the hard core traditional style view that governed Wellesley’s educators. The students were expected to memorize the textbook. The administrator made the statement, â€Å"You didn’t come to Wellesley to help people find their way; you came to help people find your way. † To compare the behavior of the students in the film, I’ll start on the first day of class; the stude nts embarrass Ms. Watson, the teacher, in front of the class evaluator by knowing everything she had prepared. The character, or teacher, seemed to demonstrate two different educational or behavioral positions.At the end of the movie, you find numerous assumptions of the andragogical model. Ms. Watson appeared as a feminist who refused to fall under the traditional educational objectives or educational theories. Therefore, she changes her educational model or theory to the andragogical style of teaching. This was a change from the beginning of the movie when she first entered the classroom with the traditional power point. Thus according to Knowles (2011), she originally followed the pedagogical model. This model is clearly defined in The Adult Learner written by Knowles, Holton, and Swanson, 2011.It explains the pedagogical model assigns the teacher full responsibility for making all decisions about what will be learned, how it will be learned, when it will be learned, and if it ha s to be learned (2011, p. 60). This is the style of teaching the administrative staff at Wellesley believed to be the best. Historically this model has been found to be less effective than the andragogical style for adult learners who have specific educational needs. The assumption that the andragogical model is based on includes: (Knowles, 2011 p. 63-67) Principals of teaching 🙠 Knowles, 2011 p. 63-67) . The learner’s need to know. -The first task of Watson was to help the students become aware of the need to know by making or demonstrating an intellectual case for the value of learning by giving them the potential tools, thus improving the quality of their lives. As an educator her goal was to help them discover the gaps between where they were and where they wanted to be. She demonstrated that there is much more to art that memorizing a textbook. This was demonstrated best in the movie when she talked to Joan about pursuing law school and seeking a career. 2. The l earner’s self-concept. Educator Watson was fully aware the girls had arrived at the self-concept that they were more than capable of reading the book and memorizing the information as they had been previously taught in the past. Educator Watson was approached with resentment and resistance by the girls demonstrating they had previously read the text. The attitude was, â€Å"We know this so just let us go out in smoke and socialize. † Watson was on top of the situation by coming to the second class introducing new thought stimulating ideas; she utilized a power point presentation that included a picture of Soutine’s â€Å"Carcass. She presented several other power points of art not found in the text and challenged the students to transition from being dependent learners, to think outside the box, transitioning and becoming self-directing learners. She also challenged them to become more than the traditional art students. Katherine tries to get the students to ex plore ideas by a metaphorical demonstration in the paint-by-numbers of the Van Gough painting ‘Sunflowers’, in which the whole class in this scene paints their own painting individually. 3. The role of the learner’s experiences. Educator Watson took teaching to another level by utilizing different learning strategies. She loved group discussions, problem solving and simulation exercises. She taught the importance of art related to individual expression and the students demonstrated their knowledge of this by each painting their own sunflower portrait. This was a demonstration of the role of the learner’s experience. With this example, she opened their minds to new approaches, encouraged expression of values, sensitivity training, and mediation through self-expression of art.She took them to her place where she had a collection of various artists that included modern to historical portraits. 4. The readiness to learn. -Ms. Watson’s new andragogical a pproach and thought provoking ideas stimulated a readiness to learn that changed from the original attitude in the first class. The girls with high expectations and obvious intellectual history became excited and ready to learn. The new approaches used by Watson changed the attitude toward the non-ivy league teacher. She encouraged them to use their experiences and valued their ideas and accepted them as people. . The orientation to learning. -Watson’s education style included real-life situations, and she taught them how art could help them to deal with problems. She used her personal history and collection to explain the importance of expression. She challenged their minds to analyze paintings and to paint for pleasure and therapeutic and social interactions. Watson wins them over when she introduces paintings not in the text, encouraging thought provoking ideas that really stimulated the minds of these students. . The motivation to learn. -Watson was an excellent motivator in the film. She never let the girls think for once that just memorization of a book was acceptable. She encouraged learning to go above the ideas of tradition. (Again; with the example of Soutine’s â€Å"Carcass† and more†¦) She motivated them to keep learning and encouraged them to be career oriented. Several times she told the students that they could be the housewife of their dreams, but to look at further education to fulfill their career dreams.When you look at the movie and the leading students, you realize at first they refuse to go along with the free thinking ideas and they think the textbook contains everything they need to know. Katherine is appalled at the fact that they actually think of their education as a way to pass their time until they are married. The behavior of three main students include: Giselle Levy (Maggie Gyllenhaal), the student that in the beginning of the movie abruptly spoke out and said, â€Å"We’re a far cry from Oakland, † in a snotty tone. She appeared to represent the class attitude.She appears to also be the most self-destructive of the students and does not seem to confront Watson’s ideas like the other two. She displayed a characteristic most would look at as being promiscuous; the film displayed her behavior as being the most feminist and she was exhibited as a student who liked to control men with her body, leading you to believe she traded sex for favors and sometimes just plain fun. The second student, Elizabeth (‘Betty’) Warren (Kirsten Dunst), whose mother is the head of the alumni, heads up the editorials for the school newspaper.Her viscous description of Ms. Watson’s roommate gets her fired. She is a malicious gossip that utilized her editorials like a knife to publicly downgrade others and doesn’t agree with Watson’s feminist ideas. This conflict of ideas is presented during the movie; they had many heated discussions. Betty strongly beli eved in the popular cultural idea that the woman’s place was in the home. Wellesley College, a prestigious New England women’s school, expected you to memorize course contents much like the pedagogical model or theory of adult model of learning.The women of that day attended prestigious schools expecting to prepare to become superb mothers, with the ultimate goal to take care of their husbands, only the elite males, and be home to care for the children. The third actor is Joan Brandwyn (Julia Stiles), who appears to be very open to the suggestion of Watson to pursue her dreams of attending law school. She struggles with the societal expectations of a woman in the 1950’s, to marry and have children, which were glorified as the ultimate prestigious goal.She is actually given a C on an assignment and goes to visit Ms. Watson when she is asked, â€Å"What is your plan after graduating? † â€Å"Just for fun,† questioned Watson, â€Å"if you could go to any law school in the country, which school would it be? † Joan told her Yale and explained Yale leaves five slots open for women and one of those five slots is for a Wellesley girl. Watson gets her an application, which she submits, and to her amazement she is accepted. She makes the decision in the movie to get married, and Ms.Watson continues to educate her that she can do both and ultimately gives her a plan on how she can be married and go to school. Watson pushes her students not to settle for the lifestyle of a housewife, but have career oriented goals. To analyze the role of the teacher promoting the conditions of learning, according to Knowles, is to look at the learning environment, not only the physical environment, but the mutual trust, respect, helpfulness, including freedom of expression and the acceptance of differences (2011, p. 92-93).The students must perceive the goals of the learning experience as their own goals. Educator Watson developed mutual trust and respect with the students. She demonstrated this in the movie when they decided they wanted her to be included in a social event. At the girls’ social, she was encouraged to drink alcoholic beverages and answer personal questions about her private affairs with men. She was open, honest and interacted with them, building a trust and demonstrating and expressing her commitment to teaching â€Å"to make a difference†.She again encouraged education to be a career building tool and iterated the goals of learning needed to be their career goals. She encouraged planning and commitment toward these goals in the movie, especially in one example where she actually got an application for Betty to Yale law school. According to our text, in review of the theories applied, Malcolm Knowles first introduced the andragogy concept or theory as an honest attempt to focus on the learner (2011 p. 2). The strength of andragogy is the fact that its six core adult learning principles can app ly to all learning situations (2011 p. ). It is a transactional model that enables those designing and conducting learning to build more effective learning processes (Knowles, 2011 p. 2). Knowles iterates the andragogy concept, when applied properly, will do everything possible to ensure the learner takes part in their learning process. This theory is best for the adult learner as their needs and capacity to learn are fully developed. We can utilize our experience and the fact that we have become responsible workers and learners.The pedagogical model assigns to the teacher the full responsibility for making all decision about what will be learned, how, and when it will be learned (Knowles 2011 p. 60). This model leaves to the learner the submissive role of following instructions and memorization. The characteristics of the prestigious Wellesley College for woman in 1953 included a satirical review of stuffy attitudes of the alumni and administration. They had rigid rules and goals f or the students. At the top of the list was getting married and college was just a place to go until that happened.Furthermore, Katherine Watson, a feminist teacher from California, whose unconventional adult teaching style was acquired from Berkeley, was shocked to learn that students viewed their education as a prerequisite for getting married. The progressive thinking taught in California was not accepted well by the staff at Wellesley. The new teachers’ class is hit and the students’ enrollment in her class increased, but the strict rules and guidelines put in place by Wellesley were not easy to swallow by Katherine who came to â€Å"make a difference. † It was obvious the institution and the educator were in conflict.At the close of the movie, Katherine decides to leave and go to Europe. Betty dedicates an editorial to her teacher claiming that Katherine is â€Å"an extraordinary woman who lived by example and compelled us all to see the world through new eyes. † As the movie ends, the students follow the taxi Katherine is in on their bicycles. Betty seems to be struggling and peddling the hardest as if to thank her for changing her life. If I was in the educational environment in the movie, I would promote learning by utilizing the framework of the six principals displayed by Knowles.The first step in acceptance of administration is to make them an active part of decision making when her new syllabus was created. As the teacher, I would empower administration with Knowles ideas and let them see my new ideas through his ideas and history. They certainly seem to feel that they must have the upper hand and make decisions and this would give the control feature they appear to need. Historically Knowles has proven himself. In the 1950’s he was the Executive Director of the Adult Education Association of the United States of America (Smith, 2002 p. 1-13).He had already published his first textbook that was a guide for educato rs and this textbook was followed by many more. If administration wanted to stay the prestigious college of the nation, they would realize it was time for change. According to the article by Smith, Knowles was responsible for a number of important ‘firsts’; he was the first to chart the rise of the adult education movement in the United States, the first to develop a statement of informal adult education practice, the first to develop a statement of informal adult education practice, and the first to attempt a comprehensive theory of adult education via the notion of andragogy) (Jarvis, 1987 p. 185). I firmly believe the administrative staff may need some education and redirection. After all, they are one of the most prestigious schools in the nation. I cannot see administration accepting to follow a less than the best for their girls, wives and future mothers. I am sure it would take patience and persistence. But if you look at the principles listed above and included the administration and persistently made them aware of the need to change to keep up with the ‘educational political hierarchy’ you would slowly ‘make a difference’.Empowerment often promotes change and Knowles was the leader in adult education of the 1950’s. When you review this film and similar films, it helps you comprehend the contemporary and historic constraints imposed on teachers and the contexts of dealing with alumni and administration. I had never really thought about the politics and social involvement of schools and teachers in the past and I can see what a dilemma it could create. I loved the movie and watched it more than once. I plan to purchase it to use for future educational reference.I can see that schools are sites of politics and culture, but as educators we must provoke the expression of students’ future identities and possibilities. References Knowles, M. S. , Holton, E. F. , & Swanson, R. A. , (2011). The adult learner . (7th ed. ). Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc. (Part I, Chapters 1-6). Smith, M. K. (2002) Malcolm Knowles, informal adult education, self-direction and andragogy’, The encyclopedia of informal education, Retrieved from: www. infed. org/thinkers/et-knowl. htm. Image Source Page: http://web. utk. edu/~start6/knowles/malcolm_knowles. html

Companies

Companies What Does the Company Provide? How many employees were hired out of how many applied? What Fringe Benefits are offered? What possibilities for advancements are there? What Is the average salary? What is the work environment/job satisfaction ranking? Google Inc. Google is a global company that develops technology including web browsers, smoothness, smart contact lenses and social media APS to help keep people connected. Over the past year:1,267,959 people applied for a job at Google; of those people only 8,968 got a job.There are usually 140 applicants per job opening. Benefits include medical and retirement as well as on-site facilities and healthy free food. Google has an interest in advancing their employees careers. They give recognition and provide promotions to those who furthered their advancement in technology. Associate Account Strategist, BAA Program Software Engineer The work environment is friendly. Google provides all sorts of on-site facilities to make sure the employees are taken care of. Google is ranked #1 corporation to work for, 97% of the workers agree.ASS ASS uses analytic software to help companies and researchers crunch data onto manageable chunks that provide both insight and fresh perspective. There are usually 43 applicants per job opening. Over the past year: 52,people applied for a job; of those people, 239 got a job. At ASS, 87% of employees often or almost always find the company compensates them fairly, provides special benefits. They provide medical benefits on site and health insurance. Also provide programs to employees so they can enjoy a break time. You can get promoted based on your performance and skill. Promotions are given to those who earn it.Salaries vary in what specific division you want to work in. They range from: $60,000 to $100,000 The work environment is considered great. ASS provides all the essentials for employees to succeed with a level of comfort. They provide places that other companies wouldn't, ( ex. Daycare). 83% of employees would agree that ASS goes above and beyond in providing them an excellent work environment BCC Provide management consulting services to Fortune 500 companies, as well as mid-sized companies, non-profits, and government agencies. Over 400 applicants only about 6 applicants would get the job offer.The review doesn't mention specific benefits, but you can choose where and when you want to work as long as you complete the required amount of work This company doesn't mention promotions but employees are able to choose what they want to do in the company; what organizations they want to cooperate with, etc. Depending on what company Or organization the employer decides to negotiate with, will contribute to their salary. Working at BCC is incredible, 98% of employees say they are proud to work here and don't ever want to leave. Edward Jones Provide financial advice to nearly 7 million individual investors in the U. S. ND Canada through more than 1 1,000 bran ch offices. Employees: 38,01 5 This company does not mention benefits assume that health insurance is included. Edward Jones gives recognition to their employees. They are also eligible to receive bonuses based on their work performance. The average income for an employee is $90,000. Incomes increase by the number of years an employee has been working for the company. 98 percent of employees say Edward Jones is a friendly place to work, and more than nine in 10 say people are willing to give extra to get the job done, that you can count on people to cooperate, and there's a â€Å"team† or â€Å"family† feeling.

The Ancient Greek Government

The Ancient Greek Government Ancient Greece was divided into many different areas, called city-states. There were many city-states throughout the entire country, and each one had its own government. Athens and Sparta were two of the most powerful city-states in Greece. Sparta was governed by the military, while Athens had a democratic government. Over time, people's opinions about what made a good government changed, and various types of governments developed as well.This is a sequence of Greek governments that were defined by Aristotle: monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies, and democracies. Many places in Greece began with these government systems, from monarchies to oligarchies, to tyrannies, and finally to democracies. However, there were plenty of areas that were using different systems, resulting with many city-states that never did become democracies or tyrannies at all.In the beginning, Athens was governed by a monarchy, rule by one person. Soldiers handpicked their leader and put him into power.Map of the top 50 countries with the largest Greek...However, monarchy did not last long in Athens, as a new government system soon developed in 800BC. This system was called the oligarchy, meaning "ruled by the few".During the period of 600 to 500 BC, rulers who took power to lead an unjust government were often accused as tyrants. Yet at around 510BC, the first democratic government began sprouting its roots in Athens, soon leading many other Greek city-states to imitate the system. Greece had established one of the first democracies ever!What did the word "democracy" mean to the Greeks? It meant, "Power of the people," that everyone was given say in government. Eventually, even city-states that weren't Greek, such as Carthage and Rome, tried to give everyone the power to participate in government, especially the poor people. In Greece, all male citizens who were at least the age of eighteen were qualified as council members, judges or...

Formal vs. Informal English (Why and When Grammar Matters)

Formal vs. Informal English (Why and When Grammar Matters) Formal vs. Informal English (Why and When Grammar Matters) Lately, there’s been a lot of debate about whether correcting people’s grammar makes you a snob (or, in the words of one commentator, â€Å"patronizing, pretentious and just plain wrong†). As proofreaders, this puts us in a difficult position: On the one hand, we don’t want to be â€Å"patronizing, pretentious and just plain wrong.† On the other hand, we’re basically professional pedants, using our knowledge of English to help people communicate. Please dont call us grammar Nazis, by the way. Were very much against fascism, even the grammatical kind. Perhaps the real question is when it’s appropriate to insist on particular grammatical standards. First, though, we should consider the difference between formal and informal English. Formal English Formal English sticks to the prescribed rules of spelling and grammar. This is far more common in writing than speech, especially academic writing and in professional settings. In this kind of English, it’s typical to: Use conventional grammar and spelling Avoid contractions (e.g., â€Å"don’t† or â€Å"should’ve†) and slang Use academic or technical language Always use complete sentences, as well as longer or more complex sentences Require consistent use of terminology/punctuation This kind of writing can seem â€Å"snobby,† especially if the author uses very obscure words or complicated sentences. But a good writer will use formal English to ensure clarity and precision. The advantage of formal English is that it helps people in a particular field or subject area to communicate by providing a standard style of writing. This is why colleges use academic English, but being able to use formal language is valuable elsewhere, too. The important thing is knowing when to use formal English: e.g. at work, in college papers, when communicating with authority figures, etc. Its also useful for talking with the Queen of England. Admittedly, this isnt a daily issue for most people. Informal English Informal English essentially refers to forms of written or spoken English that don’t stick closely to conventional spelling and grammar or that use a lot of slang and informal words. This is the kind of everyday language we use when talking with friends or emailing someone we know well. There is, obviously enough, no standard form of informal English, since it simply refers to non-standard English, which can even encompass â€Å"txtspk†! Theres no such thing as formal txtspk. So far. Does Grammar Really Matter? When using formal English, yes, grammar and spelling are important. It’s not that formal English is inherently â€Å"better† regardless of the circumstances; it’s simply that using formal English in professional or academic settings aids communication and clarity. By comparison, mistakes like mixing up â€Å"their† and â€Å"they’re† in a college paper could imply a lack of care or attention, even if the reader can tell what you intended. However, if you’re just hanging out with friends and you feel an urge to tell someone off for splitting an infinitive, it could seem insulting or annoying to the person you’re correcting. Thus, if grammar matters more to you than your friends, feel free to be as pedantic as you like. Otherwise, it might be best to save formal English for when it really counts. If you already carry a red pen for correcting mistakes wherever you go, you might want to try a career in proofreading.

The Trend of Job Relocation and its Influences Essay

The Trend of Job Relocation and its Influences - Essay Example Compared to other developed nations, like those in Western Europe or Japan, the United States' land area is expansive - we cover half of the North American continent. While in other places, job relocation happens relatively close to home due to the smaller geographic region of political and language borders, it is not the same in the United States. Our geographical boundaries are wide enough to hit two oceans. When we go across the country, ties with family and community are completely cut. Job relocation of any person in a family is harmful to the family structure. A key players is removed from the family unit, be it the father, mother, even children. Reimer conducted a research study that suggested job relocation was potentially harmful to families (2000). The possible outcomes of the trend "job relocation" are multiple depending on the specific demographic taken into account, family members involved in the move, and the stability of labor markets. For example, job relocation for migrant families depends heavily on the legislation concerning them, legislation concerning migrant worker programs, education patterns and benefits for children of migrant workers, and others. Globalization is another factor that will affect job relocation.

Thames tunnel (london) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Thames tunnel (london) - Research Paper Example The tunnel measures 11m (35 feet) wide 6m (20 feet) high and 396 m (1,300 feet) long (Teape 6). It runs a depth of 23 m (75 feet) below the surface of River Thames when measured at high tide. In early 19 century, there was no land that could connect the South and north banks of the Thames and to connect the expanding docks on either side of the River. The port of London the main hub of across the entire British Empire and the business worldwide. Any bridge constructed was supposed to allow ships that had masts over one hundred feet tall to be sailed under them yet there was no available technology if the Tower bridges lifting bascules to early engineers (Will 15). It could not be possible for a horse to pull a cat that was loaded up through a steep hill up to 100 feet into the air at a gentle slope. The approach ramps needed to be very long, which made in impractical. This pressing need so Engineer Ralph Dodd develop a tunnel to between Tilbury and Gravesend in 1799 (Teape 6). This first attempt did not succeed. Later (1805-1809) a group of Cornish miners being led by Richard Trevithick made another attempt of digging a tunnel upriver between Limehouse/Wapping and Rotherhithe. The equally encountered difficult conditions and failed. As Cornish miners, they were used to dealing with hard rocks. They needed to modify the methods they used in digging hard rocks to enable them to deal with quicksand and soft clay (Teape 8). There was also the problem of the flooding of the initial pilot tunnel. It was reported that after 1000 feet of the total 1,200 feet became flooded, the Thames Archway project was abandoned. It measures 2 to 3 feet by 5 feet, and was intended to be used for a passenger’s use. The failure of this early project made engineers to come to a conclusion that constructing an underground tunnel was impractical. However, Marc Brunel , the Anglo-French engineer, could not agree to this.

Economics for Business and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economics for Business and Management - Essay Example According to Anderton (2000), the consumers are the ones who determine what is to be produced hence determine allocation of resources leading to allocative efficiency. The demand for goods and services by consumers triggers the producers to increase production thus engaging more factors of production in the process. The income earned by the factors determines the amount of consumption by individuals; the more the income, the higher the consumption or demand. At the initial stage, competition by consumers for scarce resources pushes the prices up. The law of supply states that the higher the price, the higher the quantity supplied thus the producers increase production and get more profit. Since there are no barriers to entry in a free market, more producers may enter the market attracted by the abnormal profits (Griffiths & Wall, 2008). In the long run, supply will increase more than demand and the firms will start competing for the few buyers pushing the prices down. A fall in price means the profits also decline leading to reduction in production by firms and exit from the market by others. An optimum allocation of resources occurs where demand by consumers interacts with supply by producers. The resources are used to produce the goods that are most in demand by consumers hence resources are transferred from one use to another which is more profitable. As such, some people are made well off while others are made worse off. For example, if a firm decides to change the technology used in production it will employ individuals who have such skills and those who don’t possess the required skills are declared redundant and lose their wages. The firm can also use new equipments. High prices make some consumers to afford goods while others cant due to amount of income held by individuals. According to the law of demand, the lower the price the higher the quantity demanded. A reduction in production by producers may force prices up as consumers compete for the goods. The high prices in turn lead to cut in consumption. The producers therefore must innovate ways of producing goods at low cost hence low prices for goods and increased demand. This leads to productive efficiency of the economy (Griffiths & Wall, 2008). Competition by firms leads to innovation as firms try to gain competitive advantage. They thus produce high quality goods to the advantage of consumers. Lipsey & Chrystal (2007) argue that the free market gives better information on changing market conditions thus allowing buyers and sellers to make informed decisions. For example, when prices are low it signals that there is high supply in the market and an incentive for buyers to buy more. High prices indicate scarcity of goods and hence an incentive for sellers to sell more and make profit. High prices also induce firms to employ more factors of production. Due to availability of information, decision makers respond quickly to changes in consumer demand (Vidler & Grant, 2003) . The free market system also allows consumers to have a variety of choices from different firms. Q1 (b): How Market Failure Occurs and how Government can Correct Market Failure Market failure is due to inefficient functioning of the markets. A market should be able to resolve the questions of

Impact of Leonardo Da Vincis Inventions

Impact of Leonardo Da Vincis Inventions Engineering Drawings To be a proficient engineer, it requires a person to develop and possess various skill sets. The understanding of the various concepts and knowledge presented to them is crucial as well as it would allow them to apply it to their work as a practicing engineer. Some engineers may consider their best tools to be a piece of paper and a pencil. Possessing the ability to graphically communicate their ideas by sketching or drawing them, allows some of these ideas to come to life. Best known for his paintings of the Last Supper and Mona Lisa, Leonardo Da Vinci was more than just an artist, he was also an inventor and to some he is considered to be the worlds most famous engineer. His fascination for knowledge and his ability to bring his ideas to life shows that he is the epitome of an engineer. Only at the age of fifteen is when Leonardo was progressing in advancing his artistic skills under his teacher, Andrea Del Verrocchio. By 1482, Leonardo had chosen to move to Milan, Italy from Flore nce (which at the time was considered to be a more militaristic city than Florence), to work for Duke Ludovico Sforza as a military engineer. From there, Leonardo was able to innovate the war machines used by the military at the time. He essentially paved the way for some of the common weapons used in the modern day military. One of his war machine inventions was called the 33-Barreled Organ. Leonardo got the idea for this weapon when he saw that a cannons shot may not be as accurate and took quite some time to reload in battle. He figured that if a soldier could reload the weapon and fire at the same time, it would prove to be much more effective in the battlefield. The guns design consisted of a wheelbarrow like structure with big wheels and attached to it in the middle were the thirty-three guns split into three rows, which meant eleven shots were possible with just one row. It also had a rotating wheel to allow one row to fire while the other was being prepared for the next round. Leonardos idea for this barreled gun was it is now seen as the machine gun in modern day military. Another military innovation from Leonardo was the Armored Car, also known as the military tank in modern times. Leonardo thought to himself that if the soldiers could get closer to the enemy frontlines as well as their artillery that meant no soldier could stop their attack and would be forced to scatter. The armored car featured multiple cannons around the vehicle, thus giving the soldiers inside a firing range of three-hundred and sixty degrees. The shape of the vehicle consisted of a cone with a view port for a soldier to direct the vehicles motion. However, it was discovered there was an issue within the vehicle that would not allow it to move in a forward motion. Some suggested that da Vinci might have sabotaged his own design to discourage the war machine from ever being built. (Leonardo da Vincis Armoured car invention, 2008). As Leonardo was developing other war machines, he had decided to take an existing idea and improve on it for use on the battlefield. He took the soldiers average crossbow and decided to create a giant version out of it. Leonardo had claimed that this weapon was the best way to terrify the enemy. The Giant Crossbow was measured to stretch as far as 27 yards across the field. It consisted of six wheels, three on each side, to ensure mobility during the battle. It also had to be made of thin wood to allow the crossbow to have some flexibility. But the issue was, where Leonardo would create large enough arrows for use in battle. Instead, the crossbow launched large pieces of stone and at times, flaming bombs. To launch the object, it required the soldier to wind back the bow and then use a mallet to push the pin out of place for the weapon to fire. Leonardo had also improved another commonly used weapon during the war. In his observations, he found that the cannons shot may not be accurate and was too slow to reload after each shot. This meant that if the shot missed, the soldiers would be lacking in damage. He also found that the cannon lacked sufficient mobility in the battle. He designed instead a faster and more lightweight version of the cannon. But it did not just consist of one cannon, it included three cannons. Due to how lightweight it was, it made mobility on the battlefield much easier for the soldier. This also meant that the soldier could fire multiple shots at once as well and at a much faster rate compared to its predecessor. Seventeen years later, Leonardos time as a military engineer under the rule of Ludovico Sforza had come to an end once the French had invaded Milan. This left Leonardo to pursue other projects and come up with new inventions while travelling to other cities. Leonardo ended up designing an invention known as the ornithopter or known as the flying machine. His inspiration for this machine came from birds and kites. He had hoped one day the average man could fly as high as them in the sky. He specifically studied how the birds would use their wings to fly and would apply the concept into his design. However, it would become quite more apparent that the design of the wings, resemble the wings of a bat. The wingspan of the ornithopter was beyond thirty three feet. The material he used in the design of the wings consisted of pine and raw silk. This allowed the wings to be light and allow it to be easily carried by the wind. He would then have the pilot sit in the center between the wings a nd push a pedal in an alternating fashion while the machine flapped its wings. But Leonardos interest in flying did not stop there, he had come up with another invention. This time, Leonardo came up with the Parachute, not specifically the one seen in modern day, but the early sketch of a parachute. His idea of the parachute would come from a tent made of linen, sewn together to make sure all its openings were not letting air through and it would have a wooden frame which allowed the person to attach some rope to it to be able hold on. He believed at the time, that this device would allow a person to be able to jump from nearly any height without injury. But, at the time there were not any extremely high up places that were viable enough to be used for testing. It was not until the year 2000, when a known daredevil by the name of Adrian Nicholas decided to try Leonardos design of the parachute. Critics doubted his design would work and would put Adrians life at risk. But after jumping from 3000 feet above ground, Adrian proved that Leonardos design was successf ul. He also discovered that the ride to be smoother than the ripcord parachute found in modern times. But, the weight of the parachute was a concern since it could potentially injure the user as they land. Near the end of the fifteenth century, Leonardo had come up with another invention that was seen once again as ahead of his time. Using gears, pulleys, and cables, he was able to create a robot knight. By taking a knights suit and fitting it with the gears, pulleys, and cables, he was able to give the suit the ability to move various parts such as the arms and legs using different pulley systems within the suit. It could also perform human like actions such as sitting down and standing up, moving its head, and opening its mouth piece. But since then, Leonardos full drawings could not be found together, but rather, scattered designs in his notebooks. However, in 2002 a NASA roboticist by the name of Mark Rosheim took Leonardos design and was able to create a prototype out of it. As he was building the prototype, he discovered how Leonardo designed the robot to be easily built. This truly showed how Leonardo was a man ahead of his time. This allowed people in modern times now to take i nspiration from Leonardos Robotic Knight and to apply similar concepts to what is created today. It would be quite challenging to imagine life without some of the designs that Leonardo Da Vinci had created which helped pave the way for some of the modern day inventions. One may question what the world would be like in terms of technological and architectural advances had people neglected his work or he chose to not share his ideas. One can come to the conclusion that Leonardo Da Vinci was more than just an artist, but he was also an innovator that was way ahead of his time. References ENGINEERING.COM. (2006, October 12). Leonardo da Vinci > ENGINEERING.Com. Retrieved from http://www.engineering.com/Library/ArticlesPage/tabid/85/ArticleID/34/Leonardo-da-Vinci.aspx Leonardo da Vincis Armoured car invention. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.da-vinci-inventions.com/armoured-car.aspx Wight, C. (2009, March 4). Leonardo da Vinci from inspiration to innovation. Retrieved from http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/leonardo/leonardo.html Universal Leonardo: Leonardo da Vinci online à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º welcome to universal Leonardo. Retrieved from http://www.universalleonardo.org/ What is Leonardos robotic knight invention? Retrieved from InnovateUs, http://www.innovateus.net/innopedia/what-leonardos-robotic-knight-invention

Self Taught Guitarist :: Music Musician Instruments Essays

Self Taught Guitarist I believe that every person has the ability to learn how to play an instrument. With enough practice, dedication and the right information, which is easy to asses via the web, you can accomplish almost anything. There are many web sites dedicated to all guitar playing levels. It is just a matter of finding the right one (or ones) for your needs and areas of improvement. Out of most web sites that I researched, there are two that I choose to talk about. These are Guitartricks.com and Cyberfret.com. Both of these websites have very good and extensive information that could keep any guitarist of any level entertained for weeks. One of the websites is also very interactive, meaning that you can post your own music on the web site for others to see and play. The topics range from beginner’s lessons to scales and even reading music! Both websites use tablature to show their audience different compositions, practice exercises and other user postings. Tablature is a series of six lines which represent the six strings on the guitar. Each line has a specific note which are E, A, D, G, B, and E from the bottom up. Then, numbers are placed on the lines to represent when and where your fingers have to be on the frets. The numbers represent the frets (frets are like keys on a piano) on the guitar and range from one all the way to twenty-two or twenty-four, depending on the guitar that you use (some guitars have twenty two frets and some have twenty-four). A very good aspect of Cyberfret.com is that it uses the treble clef as well in many of its lessons. The treble clef is a more professional and sophisticated way to write music. It is how Beethoven and J.S. Bach kept their countless inventions and masterpieces alive over so many years. Nevertheless, both of the websites focus on tablature in their beginnerâ€⠄¢s section, as well as tuning and naming all the parts of the guitar. Their content for a beginning audience is excellent and would facilitate anyone’s first understandings of the mechanics of the guitar. Since every person has their own style of music, the first thing I took into consideration when evaluating Guitartricks.com and Cyberfret.com was their assortment of styles to research.

Public Enterprises

What are the Objectives of Public Enterprises? SOUMYA SINGH In India, public enterprises have been assigned the task of realising the objectives laid down in the Directive Principles of State Policy. Public sector as a whole seeks: (a) to gain control of the commanding heights of the economy, (b) to promote critical development in terms of social gain or strategic value rather than on consideration of profit, and (c) to provide commercial surplus with which to finance further economic development. The main objectives of public enterprises in India are as follows: 1. Economic development:Public enterprises were set up to accelerate the rate of economic growth in a planned manner. These enterprises have created a sound industrial base for rapid industrialisation of the country. They are expected to provide infrastructure facilities for promoting balanced and diversified economic structure of development. 2. Self-reliance: Another aim of public enterprises is to promote self-reliance in strategic sectors of the national economy. For this purpose, public enterprises have been set up in transportation, communication, energy, petro-chemicals, and other key and basic industries. . Development of backward Areas: Several public enterprises were established in backward areas to reduce regional imbalances in development. Balanced development of different parts of the country is necessary for social as well as strategic reasons. 4. Employment generation: Unemployment has become a serious problem in India. Public enterprises seek to offer gainful employment to millions. In order to protect jobs, several sick units in the private sector have been nationalised. 5. Economic surplus: Public enterprises seek to generate and mobilise surplus for reinvestment.These enterprises earn money and mobilise public savings for industrial development. 6. Egalitarian society: An important objective of public enterprises is to prevent concentration of economic power and growth of private mon opolies. Public sector helps the Government to enforce social control on trade and industry for ensuring equitable distribution of goods and services. Public enterprises protect and promote small scale industries. 7. Consumer welfare: Public enterprises seek to protect consumers from exploitation and profiteering by ensuring supply of essential commodities at cheaper prices.They aim at stabilising prices. 8. Public utilities: Private sector is guided by profit motive. Therefore, it is reluctant to invest money in public utility services like water supply, gas, electricity, public transport. Therefore, the Government has to assume responsibility for providing such services. 9. Defence: Government has to set up public enterprises for production of defence equipment. Supply of such equipment cannot be entrusted for private sector due to the need for utmost secrecy. 10. Labour welfare: Public enterprises serve as model employers.They ensure welfare and social security of employees. Many public enterprises have developed townships, schools, college and hospitals for their workers. Role and Rationale of Public Enterprises The public sector has been playing a vital role in the economic development of the country. In fact the public sector has come to occupy such an important place in our economy that on its effective performance depends largely the achievement of the country's economic and social goals. Public sector is considered a powerful engine of economic development and an important instrument of self-reliance.The main contributions of public enterprises to the country's economy may be described as follows: 1. Filling of gaps: At the time of independence, there existed serious gaps in the industrial structure of the country, particularly in the field of heavy industries. Basic and key industries require huge capital investment, involve considerable risk and suffer from long gestation periods. Private sector concerns do not come forward to establish such industr ies. Public sector has helped to fill up these gaps. The basic infrastructure required for rapid industrialisation has been built up, through the production of strategic capital goods.The public sector has considerably widened the industrial base of the country and speeded up the pace of industrialisation. 2. Employment: Public sector has created millions of jobs to tackle the unemployment problem in the country. Public sector accounts for about two-third of the total employment in the organised industrial sector in India. By taking over many sick units, the public sector has protected the employment of millions. Public sector has also contributed a lot towards the improvement of working and living conditions of workers by serving as a model employer. 3. Balanced regional development:Private industries tend to concentrate in certain regions while other regions remain backward. Public sector undertakings have located their plants in backward and untraded parts of the country. These a reas lacked basic industrial and civic facilities like electricity, water supply, township and manpower. Public enterprises have developed these facilities thereby bringing about complete transformation in the social-economic life of the people in these regions. Steel plants of Bhilai, Rourkela and Durgapur; fertilizer factory at Sindri, machine tool plants in Rajasthan, precision instruments plants in Kerala and Rajasthan, etc. are a few examples of the development of backward regions by the public sector. 4. Optimum utilisation of resources: Public enterprises make better utilisation of scarce resources of the country. They are big in size and able to enjoy the benefits of large scale operations. They help to eliminate wasteful completion and ensure full use of installed capacity. Optimum utilisation of resources results in better and cheaper production. 5. Mobilisation of surplus: The profits earned by public enterprises are reinvested for expansion and diversification. Moreover, public sector concerns like banks and financial nstitutions mobilise scattered public savings thereby helping the process of capital formation in the country. Public enterprises earn considerable foreign exchange through exports. 6. Self reliance: Public enterprises have reduced considerably the need for imports by producing new and better products within the country. These enterprises are also earning considerable amount of foreign exchange through exports. 7. Socialistic pattern of society: Public sector is an instrument for realising social objectives. Public enterprises help to check concentration of wealth and private monopolies.These enterprises can serve as powerful means of economic and social change. 8. Public welfare: Public enterprises help in the establishment of a welfare state in the country. These enterprises supply essential commodities at cheaper rates. A proper balance between demand and supply is created to protect consumers against exploitation by profit hungry businessmen. Public enterprises also protect and promote the interests of workers. Criticism of Public Enterprises [Arguments against Public Enterprises] Public enterprises are opposed on account of weaknesses in their organisation and working.These enterprises generally suffer from the following problems: 1. Delay in completion: Often a very long time is taken in the establishment and completion of public enterprises. Delay in completion leads to increase in the cost of establishment and benefits extracted from them are delayed. 2. Faulty evaluation: Public enterprises are in some cases set upon political considerations. There is no proper evaluation of demand and supply and expected costs and benefits. There are no clear cut objectives and guidelines. In the absence of proper project planning there is under- utilisation of capacity and wastage of national resources. . Heavy overhead costs: Public enterprises often spend huge amounts on providing housing and other amenities to empl oyees. Though such investment is useful for employees but it takes away a large part of capital and the project suffers from financial difficulties. 4. Poor returns: Majority of the public enterprises in India are incurring loss. In some of them the profits earned do not yield a reasonable return on huge investment. Lack of effective financial controls, wasteful expenditure and dogmatic pricing policy result in losses 5. Inefficient management:Due to excessive centralisation of authority and lack of motivation public enterprises are managed inefficiently. High level posts are often occupied by persons lacking necessary expertise but enjoying political support. 6. Political interference: There is frequent interference from politicians and civil servants in the working of public enterprises. Such interference leaves little scope for initiative and freedom of action. Public enterprises enjoy little autonomy and flexibility of operations. 7. Labour problems: In the absence of proper man power planning public enterprises suffer from over-staffing.Jobs are created to fulfil employment goals of the Government. Guarantee of job in these enterprises encourages trade unions to be militant in pursuing their aims. Growth of Public Enterprises in India At the time of independence, public sector in India was confined mainly to railways, communications, defence production and public utility services. Since then the growth of public enterprises has been very rapid. Now public sector consists of public utilities (e. g. , railways, post and telegraph, etc), manufacturing concerns (e. g. , BHEL, SAIL, etc. ), trading organisations (e. g. STC, MMTC, etc. ), service organisations (e. g. , NIDC, RITES, etc. ). SAIL, a Maharatna Company of Govt. of India, is the world's leading and India's largest steel producer with an annual turnover of around Rs. 50,348 crore (FY11-12). It operates and owns 5 integrated steel plants at Rourkela, Bhilai, Durgapur, Bokaro and Burnpur and 3 special s teel plants at Salem, Durgapur and Bhadravati. As part of its global ambition the Company is implementing a massive expansion plan involving project work of building/adding new facilites with emphasis on state of the art green technology.List of Maharatna, Navratna and Miniratna CPSEs As per available information (as on February, 2013) Maharatna CPSEs Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Coal India Limited GAIL (India) Limited Indian Oil Corporation Limited NTPC Limited Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited Steel Authority of India Limited Navratna CPSEs Bharat Electronics Limited Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited National Aluminium Company Limited NMDC Limited Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited Oil India LimitedPower Finance Corporation Limited Power Grid Corporation of India Limited Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited Rural Electrification Corporation Limited Shipping Corporation of I ndia Limited Miniratna Category – I CPSEs Airports Authority of India Antrix Corporation Limited Balmer Lawrie & Co. Limited Bharat Dynamics Limited BEML Limited Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Bridge & Roof Company (India) Limited Central Warehousing Corporation Central Coalfields Limited Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited Cochin Shipyard Limited Container Corporation of India Limited Dredging Corporation of India LimitedEngineers India Limited Ennore Port Limited Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited Goa Shipyard Limited Hindustan Copper Limited HLL Lifecare Limited Hindustan Newsprint Limited Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited Housing & Urban Development Corporation Limited India Tourism Development Corporation Limited Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Limited IRCON International Limited KIOCL Limited Mazagaon Dock Limited Mahanadi Coalfields Limited Manganese Ore (India) Limited Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemical Limited Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited MMT C Limited MSTC LimitedNational Fertilizers Limited National Seeds Corporation Limited NHPC Limited Northern Coalfields Limited Numaligarh Refinery Limited ONGC Videsh Limited Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited Projects & Development India Limited Railtel Corporation of India Limited Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited RITES Limited SJVN Limited Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited South Eastern Coalfields Limited State Trading Corporation of India Limited Telecommunications Consultants India Limited THDC India Limited Western Coalfields Limited WAPCOS Limited Miniratna Category-II CPSEsBharat Pumps & Compressors Limited Broadcast Engineering Consultants (I) Limited Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited Ed. CIL (India) Limited Engineering Projects (India) Limited FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Limited Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited HMT (International) Limited HSCC (India) Limited India Trade Promotion Organisation Indian Medicines & Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited M E C O N Limited National Film Development Corporation Limited National Small Industries Corporation Limited P E C Limited Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited