Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Economics for Business and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economics for Business and Management - Essay Example According to Anderton (2000), the consumers are the ones who determine what is to be produced hence determine allocation of resources leading to allocative efficiency. The demand for goods and services by consumers triggers the producers to increase production thus engaging more factors of production in the process. The income earned by the factors determines the amount of consumption by individuals; the more the income, the higher the consumption or demand. At the initial stage, competition by consumers for scarce resources pushes the prices up. The law of supply states that the higher the price, the higher the quantity supplied thus the producers increase production and get more profit. Since there are no barriers to entry in a free market, more producers may enter the market attracted by the abnormal profits (Griffiths & Wall, 2008). In the long run, supply will increase more than demand and the firms will start competing for the few buyers pushing the prices down. A fall in price means the profits also decline leading to reduction in production by firms and exit from the market by others. An optimum allocation of resources occurs where demand by consumers interacts with supply by producers. The resources are used to produce the goods that are most in demand by consumers hence resources are transferred from one use to another which is more profitable. As such, some people are made well off while others are made worse off. For example, if a firm decides to change the technology used in production it will employ individuals who have such skills and those who don’t possess the required skills are declared redundant and lose their wages. The firm can also use new equipments. High prices make some consumers to afford goods while others cant due to amount of income held by individuals. According to the law of demand, the lower the price the higher the quantity demanded. A reduction in production by producers may force prices up as consumers compete for the goods. The high prices in turn lead to cut in consumption. The producers therefore must innovate ways of producing goods at low cost hence low prices for goods and increased demand. This leads to productive efficiency of the economy (Griffiths & Wall, 2008). Competition by firms leads to innovation as firms try to gain competitive advantage. They thus produce high quality goods to the advantage of consumers. Lipsey & Chrystal (2007) argue that the free market gives better information on changing market conditions thus allowing buyers and sellers to make informed decisions. For example, when prices are low it signals that there is high supply in the market and an incentive for buyers to buy more. High prices indicate scarcity of goods and hence an incentive for sellers to sell more and make profit. High prices also induce firms to employ more factors of production. Due to availability of information, decision makers respond quickly to changes in consumer demand (Vidler & Grant, 2003) . The free market system also allows consumers to have a variety of choices from different firms. Q1 (b): How Market Failure Occurs and how Government can Correct Market Failure Market failure is due to inefficient functioning of the markets. A market should be able to resolve the questions of

Monday, October 28, 2019

Impact of Leonardo Da Vincis Inventions

Impact of Leonardo Da Vincis Inventions Engineering Drawings To be a proficient engineer, it requires a person to develop and possess various skill sets. The understanding of the various concepts and knowledge presented to them is crucial as well as it would allow them to apply it to their work as a practicing engineer. Some engineers may consider their best tools to be a piece of paper and a pencil. Possessing the ability to graphically communicate their ideas by sketching or drawing them, allows some of these ideas to come to life. Best known for his paintings of the Last Supper and Mona Lisa, Leonardo Da Vinci was more than just an artist, he was also an inventor and to some he is considered to be the worlds most famous engineer. His fascination for knowledge and his ability to bring his ideas to life shows that he is the epitome of an engineer. Only at the age of fifteen is when Leonardo was progressing in advancing his artistic skills under his teacher, Andrea Del Verrocchio. By 1482, Leonardo had chosen to move to Milan, Italy from Flore nce (which at the time was considered to be a more militaristic city than Florence), to work for Duke Ludovico Sforza as a military engineer. From there, Leonardo was able to innovate the war machines used by the military at the time. He essentially paved the way for some of the common weapons used in the modern day military. One of his war machine inventions was called the 33-Barreled Organ. Leonardo got the idea for this weapon when he saw that a cannons shot may not be as accurate and took quite some time to reload in battle. He figured that if a soldier could reload the weapon and fire at the same time, it would prove to be much more effective in the battlefield. The guns design consisted of a wheelbarrow like structure with big wheels and attached to it in the middle were the thirty-three guns split into three rows, which meant eleven shots were possible with just one row. It also had a rotating wheel to allow one row to fire while the other was being prepared for the next round. Leonardos idea for this barreled gun was it is now seen as the machine gun in modern day military. Another military innovation from Leonardo was the Armored Car, also known as the military tank in modern times. Leonardo thought to himself that if the soldiers could get closer to the enemy frontlines as well as their artillery that meant no soldier could stop their attack and would be forced to scatter. The armored car featured multiple cannons around the vehicle, thus giving the soldiers inside a firing range of three-hundred and sixty degrees. The shape of the vehicle consisted of a cone with a view port for a soldier to direct the vehicles motion. However, it was discovered there was an issue within the vehicle that would not allow it to move in a forward motion. Some suggested that da Vinci might have sabotaged his own design to discourage the war machine from ever being built. (Leonardo da Vincis Armoured car invention, 2008). As Leonardo was developing other war machines, he had decided to take an existing idea and improve on it for use on the battlefield. He took the soldiers average crossbow and decided to create a giant version out of it. Leonardo had claimed that this weapon was the best way to terrify the enemy. The Giant Crossbow was measured to stretch as far as 27 yards across the field. It consisted of six wheels, three on each side, to ensure mobility during the battle. It also had to be made of thin wood to allow the crossbow to have some flexibility. But the issue was, where Leonardo would create large enough arrows for use in battle. Instead, the crossbow launched large pieces of stone and at times, flaming bombs. To launch the object, it required the soldier to wind back the bow and then use a mallet to push the pin out of place for the weapon to fire. Leonardo had also improved another commonly used weapon during the war. In his observations, he found that the cannons shot may not be accurate and was too slow to reload after each shot. This meant that if the shot missed, the soldiers would be lacking in damage. He also found that the cannon lacked sufficient mobility in the battle. He designed instead a faster and more lightweight version of the cannon. But it did not just consist of one cannon, it included three cannons. Due to how lightweight it was, it made mobility on the battlefield much easier for the soldier. This also meant that the soldier could fire multiple shots at once as well and at a much faster rate compared to its predecessor. Seventeen years later, Leonardos time as a military engineer under the rule of Ludovico Sforza had come to an end once the French had invaded Milan. This left Leonardo to pursue other projects and come up with new inventions while travelling to other cities. Leonardo ended up designing an invention known as the ornithopter or known as the flying machine. His inspiration for this machine came from birds and kites. He had hoped one day the average man could fly as high as them in the sky. He specifically studied how the birds would use their wings to fly and would apply the concept into his design. However, it would become quite more apparent that the design of the wings, resemble the wings of a bat. The wingspan of the ornithopter was beyond thirty three feet. The material he used in the design of the wings consisted of pine and raw silk. This allowed the wings to be light and allow it to be easily carried by the wind. He would then have the pilot sit in the center between the wings a nd push a pedal in an alternating fashion while the machine flapped its wings. But Leonardos interest in flying did not stop there, he had come up with another invention. This time, Leonardo came up with the Parachute, not specifically the one seen in modern day, but the early sketch of a parachute. His idea of the parachute would come from a tent made of linen, sewn together to make sure all its openings were not letting air through and it would have a wooden frame which allowed the person to attach some rope to it to be able hold on. He believed at the time, that this device would allow a person to be able to jump from nearly any height without injury. But, at the time there were not any extremely high up places that were viable enough to be used for testing. It was not until the year 2000, when a known daredevil by the name of Adrian Nicholas decided to try Leonardos design of the parachute. Critics doubted his design would work and would put Adrians life at risk. But after jumping from 3000 feet above ground, Adrian proved that Leonardos design was successf ul. He also discovered that the ride to be smoother than the ripcord parachute found in modern times. But, the weight of the parachute was a concern since it could potentially injure the user as they land. Near the end of the fifteenth century, Leonardo had come up with another invention that was seen once again as ahead of his time. Using gears, pulleys, and cables, he was able to create a robot knight. By taking a knights suit and fitting it with the gears, pulleys, and cables, he was able to give the suit the ability to move various parts such as the arms and legs using different pulley systems within the suit. It could also perform human like actions such as sitting down and standing up, moving its head, and opening its mouth piece. But since then, Leonardos full drawings could not be found together, but rather, scattered designs in his notebooks. However, in 2002 a NASA roboticist by the name of Mark Rosheim took Leonardos design and was able to create a prototype out of it. As he was building the prototype, he discovered how Leonardo designed the robot to be easily built. This truly showed how Leonardo was a man ahead of his time. This allowed people in modern times now to take i nspiration from Leonardos Robotic Knight and to apply similar concepts to what is created today. It would be quite challenging to imagine life without some of the designs that Leonardo Da Vinci had created which helped pave the way for some of the modern day inventions. One may question what the world would be like in terms of technological and architectural advances had people neglected his work or he chose to not share his ideas. One can come to the conclusion that Leonardo Da Vinci was more than just an artist, but he was also an innovator that was way ahead of his time. References ENGINEERING.COM. (2006, October 12). Leonardo da Vinci > ENGINEERING.Com. Retrieved from http://www.engineering.com/Library/ArticlesPage/tabid/85/ArticleID/34/Leonardo-da-Vinci.aspx Leonardo da Vincis Armoured car invention. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.da-vinci-inventions.com/armoured-car.aspx Wight, C. (2009, March 4). Leonardo da Vinci from inspiration to innovation. Retrieved from http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/leonardo/leonardo.html Universal Leonardo: Leonardo da Vinci online à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º welcome to universal Leonardo. Retrieved from http://www.universalleonardo.org/ What is Leonardos robotic knight invention? Retrieved from InnovateUs, http://www.innovateus.net/innopedia/what-leonardos-robotic-knight-invention

Friday, October 25, 2019

Self Taught Guitarist :: Music Musician Instruments Essays

Self Taught Guitarist I believe that every person has the ability to learn how to play an instrument. With enough practice, dedication and the right information, which is easy to asses via the web, you can accomplish almost anything. There are many web sites dedicated to all guitar playing levels. It is just a matter of finding the right one (or ones) for your needs and areas of improvement. Out of most web sites that I researched, there are two that I choose to talk about. These are Guitartricks.com and Cyberfret.com. Both of these websites have very good and extensive information that could keep any guitarist of any level entertained for weeks. One of the websites is also very interactive, meaning that you can post your own music on the web site for others to see and play. The topics range from beginner’s lessons to scales and even reading music! Both websites use tablature to show their audience different compositions, practice exercises and other user postings. Tablature is a series of six lines which represent the six strings on the guitar. Each line has a specific note which are E, A, D, G, B, and E from the bottom up. Then, numbers are placed on the lines to represent when and where your fingers have to be on the frets. The numbers represent the frets (frets are like keys on a piano) on the guitar and range from one all the way to twenty-two or twenty-four, depending on the guitar that you use (some guitars have twenty two frets and some have twenty-four). A very good aspect of Cyberfret.com is that it uses the treble clef as well in many of its lessons. The treble clef is a more professional and sophisticated way to write music. It is how Beethoven and J.S. Bach kept their countless inventions and masterpieces alive over so many years. Nevertheless, both of the websites focus on tablature in their beginnerâ€⠄¢s section, as well as tuning and naming all the parts of the guitar. Their content for a beginning audience is excellent and would facilitate anyone’s first understandings of the mechanics of the guitar. Since every person has their own style of music, the first thing I took into consideration when evaluating Guitartricks.com and Cyberfret.com was their assortment of styles to research.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Public Enterprises

What are the Objectives of Public Enterprises? SOUMYA SINGH In India, public enterprises have been assigned the task of realising the objectives laid down in the Directive Principles of State Policy. Public sector as a whole seeks: (a) to gain control of the commanding heights of the economy, (b) to promote critical development in terms of social gain or strategic value rather than on consideration of profit, and (c) to provide commercial surplus with which to finance further economic development. The main objectives of public enterprises in India are as follows: 1. Economic development:Public enterprises were set up to accelerate the rate of economic growth in a planned manner. These enterprises have created a sound industrial base for rapid industrialisation of the country. They are expected to provide infrastructure facilities for promoting balanced and diversified economic structure of development. 2. Self-reliance: Another aim of public enterprises is to promote self-reliance in strategic sectors of the national economy. For this purpose, public enterprises have been set up in transportation, communication, energy, petro-chemicals, and other key and basic industries. . Development of backward Areas: Several public enterprises were established in backward areas to reduce regional imbalances in development. Balanced development of different parts of the country is necessary for social as well as strategic reasons. 4. Employment generation: Unemployment has become a serious problem in India. Public enterprises seek to offer gainful employment to millions. In order to protect jobs, several sick units in the private sector have been nationalised. 5. Economic surplus: Public enterprises seek to generate and mobilise surplus for reinvestment.These enterprises earn money and mobilise public savings for industrial development. 6. Egalitarian society: An important objective of public enterprises is to prevent concentration of economic power and growth of private mon opolies. Public sector helps the Government to enforce social control on trade and industry for ensuring equitable distribution of goods and services. Public enterprises protect and promote small scale industries. 7. Consumer welfare: Public enterprises seek to protect consumers from exploitation and profiteering by ensuring supply of essential commodities at cheaper prices.They aim at stabilising prices. 8. Public utilities: Private sector is guided by profit motive. Therefore, it is reluctant to invest money in public utility services like water supply, gas, electricity, public transport. Therefore, the Government has to assume responsibility for providing such services. 9. Defence: Government has to set up public enterprises for production of defence equipment. Supply of such equipment cannot be entrusted for private sector due to the need for utmost secrecy. 10. Labour welfare: Public enterprises serve as model employers.They ensure welfare and social security of employees. Many public enterprises have developed townships, schools, college and hospitals for their workers. Role and Rationale of Public Enterprises The public sector has been playing a vital role in the economic development of the country. In fact the public sector has come to occupy such an important place in our economy that on its effective performance depends largely the achievement of the country's economic and social goals. Public sector is considered a powerful engine of economic development and an important instrument of self-reliance.The main contributions of public enterprises to the country's economy may be described as follows: 1. Filling of gaps: At the time of independence, there existed serious gaps in the industrial structure of the country, particularly in the field of heavy industries. Basic and key industries require huge capital investment, involve considerable risk and suffer from long gestation periods. Private sector concerns do not come forward to establish such industr ies. Public sector has helped to fill up these gaps. The basic infrastructure required for rapid industrialisation has been built up, through the production of strategic capital goods.The public sector has considerably widened the industrial base of the country and speeded up the pace of industrialisation. 2. Employment: Public sector has created millions of jobs to tackle the unemployment problem in the country. Public sector accounts for about two-third of the total employment in the organised industrial sector in India. By taking over many sick units, the public sector has protected the employment of millions. Public sector has also contributed a lot towards the improvement of working and living conditions of workers by serving as a model employer. 3. Balanced regional development:Private industries tend to concentrate in certain regions while other regions remain backward. Public sector undertakings have located their plants in backward and untraded parts of the country. These a reas lacked basic industrial and civic facilities like electricity, water supply, township and manpower. Public enterprises have developed these facilities thereby bringing about complete transformation in the social-economic life of the people in these regions. Steel plants of Bhilai, Rourkela and Durgapur; fertilizer factory at Sindri, machine tool plants in Rajasthan, precision instruments plants in Kerala and Rajasthan, etc. are a few examples of the development of backward regions by the public sector. 4. Optimum utilisation of resources: Public enterprises make better utilisation of scarce resources of the country. They are big in size and able to enjoy the benefits of large scale operations. They help to eliminate wasteful completion and ensure full use of installed capacity. Optimum utilisation of resources results in better and cheaper production. 5. Mobilisation of surplus: The profits earned by public enterprises are reinvested for expansion and diversification. Moreover, public sector concerns like banks and financial nstitutions mobilise scattered public savings thereby helping the process of capital formation in the country. Public enterprises earn considerable foreign exchange through exports. 6. Self reliance: Public enterprises have reduced considerably the need for imports by producing new and better products within the country. These enterprises are also earning considerable amount of foreign exchange through exports. 7. Socialistic pattern of society: Public sector is an instrument for realising social objectives. Public enterprises help to check concentration of wealth and private monopolies.These enterprises can serve as powerful means of economic and social change. 8. Public welfare: Public enterprises help in the establishment of a welfare state in the country. These enterprises supply essential commodities at cheaper rates. A proper balance between demand and supply is created to protect consumers against exploitation by profit hungry businessmen. Public enterprises also protect and promote the interests of workers. Criticism of Public Enterprises [Arguments against Public Enterprises] Public enterprises are opposed on account of weaknesses in their organisation and working.These enterprises generally suffer from the following problems: 1. Delay in completion: Often a very long time is taken in the establishment and completion of public enterprises. Delay in completion leads to increase in the cost of establishment and benefits extracted from them are delayed. 2. Faulty evaluation: Public enterprises are in some cases set upon political considerations. There is no proper evaluation of demand and supply and expected costs and benefits. There are no clear cut objectives and guidelines. In the absence of proper project planning there is under- utilisation of capacity and wastage of national resources. . Heavy overhead costs: Public enterprises often spend huge amounts on providing housing and other amenities to empl oyees. Though such investment is useful for employees but it takes away a large part of capital and the project suffers from financial difficulties. 4. Poor returns: Majority of the public enterprises in India are incurring loss. In some of them the profits earned do not yield a reasonable return on huge investment. Lack of effective financial controls, wasteful expenditure and dogmatic pricing policy result in losses 5. Inefficient management:Due to excessive centralisation of authority and lack of motivation public enterprises are managed inefficiently. High level posts are often occupied by persons lacking necessary expertise but enjoying political support. 6. Political interference: There is frequent interference from politicians and civil servants in the working of public enterprises. Such interference leaves little scope for initiative and freedom of action. Public enterprises enjoy little autonomy and flexibility of operations. 7. Labour problems: In the absence of proper man power planning public enterprises suffer from over-staffing.Jobs are created to fulfil employment goals of the Government. Guarantee of job in these enterprises encourages trade unions to be militant in pursuing their aims. Growth of Public Enterprises in India At the time of independence, public sector in India was confined mainly to railways, communications, defence production and public utility services. Since then the growth of public enterprises has been very rapid. Now public sector consists of public utilities (e. g. , railways, post and telegraph, etc), manufacturing concerns (e. g. , BHEL, SAIL, etc. ), trading organisations (e. g. STC, MMTC, etc. ), service organisations (e. g. , NIDC, RITES, etc. ). SAIL, a Maharatna Company of Govt. of India, is the world's leading and India's largest steel producer with an annual turnover of around Rs. 50,348 crore (FY11-12). It operates and owns 5 integrated steel plants at Rourkela, Bhilai, Durgapur, Bokaro and Burnpur and 3 special s teel plants at Salem, Durgapur and Bhadravati. As part of its global ambition the Company is implementing a massive expansion plan involving project work of building/adding new facilites with emphasis on state of the art green technology.List of Maharatna, Navratna and Miniratna CPSEs As per available information (as on February, 2013) Maharatna CPSEs Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Coal India Limited GAIL (India) Limited Indian Oil Corporation Limited NTPC Limited Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited Steel Authority of India Limited Navratna CPSEs Bharat Electronics Limited Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited National Aluminium Company Limited NMDC Limited Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited Oil India LimitedPower Finance Corporation Limited Power Grid Corporation of India Limited Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited Rural Electrification Corporation Limited Shipping Corporation of I ndia Limited Miniratna Category – I CPSEs Airports Authority of India Antrix Corporation Limited Balmer Lawrie & Co. Limited Bharat Dynamics Limited BEML Limited Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Bridge & Roof Company (India) Limited Central Warehousing Corporation Central Coalfields Limited Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited Cochin Shipyard Limited Container Corporation of India Limited Dredging Corporation of India LimitedEngineers India Limited Ennore Port Limited Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited Goa Shipyard Limited Hindustan Copper Limited HLL Lifecare Limited Hindustan Newsprint Limited Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited Housing & Urban Development Corporation Limited India Tourism Development Corporation Limited Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Limited IRCON International Limited KIOCL Limited Mazagaon Dock Limited Mahanadi Coalfields Limited Manganese Ore (India) Limited Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemical Limited Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited MMT C Limited MSTC LimitedNational Fertilizers Limited National Seeds Corporation Limited NHPC Limited Northern Coalfields Limited Numaligarh Refinery Limited ONGC Videsh Limited Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited Projects & Development India Limited Railtel Corporation of India Limited Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited RITES Limited SJVN Limited Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited South Eastern Coalfields Limited State Trading Corporation of India Limited Telecommunications Consultants India Limited THDC India Limited Western Coalfields Limited WAPCOS Limited Miniratna Category-II CPSEsBharat Pumps & Compressors Limited Broadcast Engineering Consultants (I) Limited Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited Ed. CIL (India) Limited Engineering Projects (India) Limited FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Limited Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited HMT (International) Limited HSCC (India) Limited India Trade Promotion Organisation Indian Medicines & Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited M E C O N Limited National Film Development Corporation Limited National Small Industries Corporation Limited P E C Limited Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Factors That Influence the Development of Individual’s Self Concept Essay

Income can influence the development of individual’s self-concept in a negative and positive way whereby people with good income with be able to live a luxurious life-style, for example will be able to afford good healthy balance diet, expensive cloths, shoes and jewellery able to afford good expensive accommodations with nice furniture, expensive cars, private hospitals, can afford their children to go to private schools which will them the advantage to good education and will be able to reach their full potential in life; can afford to go on holidays. But most importantly, possessions are not the only important thing in life, as long as one is able to maintain basic standard of living. on the other people with low income will even find it difficult to maintain the basic needs of life and this will their self-esteem especially if they are surrounding by images of people who have a lot of wealth. They will be restricted from a lot of things for example, will not be able to afford nice cloths for them and their children, will not be able to afford nice secured accommodation, not be able to access higher education and in terms of sickness they will have to be on the NHS waiting until is the time for them to be treated because they cannot afford to go to private hospitals to be treated or seen by a doctor. This is why so many people on low income are dying due to health problem because they cannot afford private hospitals so they have to wait on the NHS waiting list for a year or more meanwhile the sickness is getting worse and if they are unlock by the time the NHS get to them they would have been dead. Therefore, money in an important factor that influence the development of individual’s self-concept. Media edia means things like newspapers, television, internet, sites and music and these may influence the development of individual’s self-concept in that they positively enable us to have knowledge on what is happening around the world as well as playing a big role in the development of especially teenagers’ self-esteem and self confidence in relation to how they perceive their body image and beauty because media can alternation how to look beautiful by making them eat less to maintain their body figure, body transformations an so on thereby developing their self- esteem and confidences. On the other hand media can influences the way we think and feel about ourselves as it affect the person’s perception of body image and present them with an unrealistic view of how their bodies should look like thereby making them not to appreciate who they are, causing them always want to look like others and so begin to copy what they do and how they like as well as hoe they dress hence leading them to attempt unhealthy diet that is eating less because they do not want to gain weight as they want to be models, get stressed with money to buy designer clothes and so on and if they fail to achieve what their hearts desire, their self confidence will decline as well as having low self-esteem. Also when we watch media we tend to hate certain features of our appearance for example hate your nose and admire another person seen on media causing you to go for face transformations like plastic surgeries which may have an impact on your general health as time goes on because it may cause you to develop health issues sues as developing cancer, and also the feeling that we are not good or beautiful makes us unhappy and hence gets withdrawn. Family The family in which a person is brought up in plays an important role in influencing the development of someone’s self concept because when members of your family for example your parent love and care for you, it can make you feel good about yourself and develop a sense of belonging as well as self awareness. Also parent who praise and reward their children for what they have done contribute to the development of their self-concept because rewards and praises make them love and believe in themselves that they can also do things something which makes them have a feeling being useful people as well as developing their self confidences. On the other hand poor relationship between parents and children with in the family may make children lack confidence as well as as feel unloved and valued something which can result them in not being able to form long lasting relationships in adolescent or adulthood because of the effect that was cause during their childhood of not being loved and therefore they are passing on what they experienced during childhood making them having no love for anyone. However family members who abuse and neglect their children, this affect their self-concept because it makes them feel unloved, and insecure as well as having a feeling of not belonging in the family causing them to always feel withdrawn, and isolated leading to to develop low self-esteem and having negative image about themselves as they may see themselves as being useless, not wanted and not worth of living hence leading to suicide attempt and children who think poorly about themselves always have a hard time on finding solutions to problems. Education education is another factor that influences the way we feel about ourselves in the way that the person’s idea of how they are is strongly influenced by the experience at school and later experiences at college or university can also change what we think about ourselves. However this depends on which school we have attended, which experiences we have faced and how successful we have been because when we perform well in school and be praised for that which we have achieved, it develops a sense of confidence in ourselves as well as making us feel good about ourselves by making us feel that we are important people to the society thereby creating a positive self-image. But when we do not meet the expectations of education, we tend to develop negative attitudes about ourselves, for example we begin doubting our abilities to progress, we get discouraged, we loose confidence and self-esteem thereby making us become, withdrawn, and have a feeling of not belonging especially when with those who have achieved careers through education hence affecting our self concept. Also educational achievement is a positive influence on self-image because it increase out self-esteem as well as forming a positive self-image leaving a person with confidence feeling in our abilities and rise to challenges. It also influences us because it involves mixing with other people and we may compare our selves with them, learn theories and new ideas from them something which can help us to understand our lives. Peer pressure During adolescent stage, teenagers rely much on their friends and most of them follow what their friends do hence friends becoming a major influence on the development of the person’s self-concept because they can support their friend’s existing attitudes and values thereby making him/her feel good about his/her self and gaining confidence as well as making you feel you belong to their group as they support you. Also peer pressure can lead to the development of a positive image by encouraging you on how to dress nicely as well as helping you to choose which outfit can make you look nice because if you are smartly dressed, it can make you feel good inside and have confidence in what ever you do. Peer pressure also influence the way we behave in society by making us copy their behaviours whether they are good or bad just because we want to fit in their group and a sense of belonging and if you do not behave the way they want you, they may exclude you from a certain social group making you feel bad, unacceptable or failure and as a result you become withdrawn and isolated hence affecting our social development. Conclusion: there are different factors that can influence the development of individual’s self-concept and they can be influenced positively or negatively it all depends on the individual. When it comes to children and teenagers the parents have an important role to play in their children’s life; you as a parent suppose to set up a high standard behaviour and self-discipline because your children will be watching if you are a parent that wants to live life any how that will play a big role on your child/children’s behaviour; they will never respect you as a parent and they will start to look up to other people outside and also look for a role model that will be a big influence in their lives making you a second class citizen. It is therefore important to train yourself to live a good and valued life style so that you can be respected by your children, family and other people outside. You as an adult, and your children will feel good and proud when you are respected and at the same-time you are a role model to your children.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Information Systems and Security Audit Essays

Information Systems and Security Audit Essays Information Systems and Security Audit Essay Information Systems and Security Audit Essay INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SECURITY AUDIT 1. Define the following terms: (6 Marks) -Integrity In information security, integrity means that data cannot be modified undetectably. This is not the same thing as referential integrity in databases, although it can be viewed as a special case of Consistency as understood in the classic ACID model of transaction processing. Integrity is violated when a message is actively modified in transit. Information security systems typically provide message integrity in addition to data confidentiality. Confidentiality Confidentiality is the term used to prevent the disclosure of information to unauthorized individuals or systems. For example, a credit card transaction on the Internet requires the credit card number to be transmitted from the buyer to the merchant and from the merchant to a transaction processing network. The system attempts to enforce confidentiality by encrypting the card number during transmission, by limiting the places where it might appear (in databases, log files, backups, printed receipts, and so on), and by restricting access to the places where it is stored. If an unauthorized party obtains the card number in any way, a breach of confidentiality has occurred. Non-repudiation In law, non-repudiation implies ones intention to fulfill their obligations to a contract. It also implies that one party of a transaction cannot deny having received a transaction nor can the other party deny having sent a transaction. Electronic commerce uses technology such as digital signatures and public key encryption to establish authenticity and non-repudiation. 2. Describe the function of Record Layer in SSL Architecture (2 Marks) The SSL Record Protocol provides basic security services to various higher-layer protocols. In particular, the HTTP, which provides the transfer service for Web client/server interaction, can operate on top of SSL. Three higher-layer protocols are defined as part of SSL: the Handshake Protocol, the Change CipherSpec Protocol, and the Alert Protocol. These SSL-specific protocols are used in the management of SSL exchanges. 3. List the four phases of virus nature (2 Marks) The first phase of a virus code attack is the placement of the code where it may be executed so that it can install itself in the main memory. Listed below are some methods adopted for the installation of viral code in the computer memory. The first phase of a virus code attack is the placement of the code where it maybe executed so that it can install itself in the main memory. The second phase involves saving the viral code to hard or floppy disk in such a way as to make it difficult to be detected and removed. The layout of MicroSoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) provides the following areas in a hard or floppy disk which is largely hidden from users but accessible to DOS commands only. One of the most common techniques used by virus writers is to copy Boot Sector 0 to an unused sector on the disk and then overwrite Boot Sector 0 with viral code. Whenever the disk is booted, the viral code is executed and loaded into the memory. The viral code then loads the original boot sector from its new position and passes control to it, and then system is able to continue apparently normally. The third phase involves a test for a condition which if met, will activate the virus. A condition may be a specified time, date or after a specified number of copies of the viral code have been made. The fourth and final phase is the action phase of the virus. During this phase, the virus attacks the target system and the effect of the attack may be destructive or   non-destructive. 4. Briefly describe the three cryptographic algorithms (5 Marks) DES This is the Data Encryption Standard. This is a cipher that operates on 64-bit blocks of data, using a 56-bit key. It is a private key system. RSA RSA is a public-key system designed by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman. HASH A hash algorithm is used for computing a condensed representation of a fixed length message/file. This is sometimes known as a message digest, or a fingerprint. MD5 MD5 is a 128 bit message digest function. It was developed by Ron Rivest. AES This is the Advanced Encryption Standard (using the Rijndael block cipher) approved by NIST. 5. Using Diffie-Hellman Algorithm show that KA=KB , use n=7 and g=3 (5 Marks) 6. Explain the process of generating Cipher and Decrypting Cipher using RSA (5 Marks) The algorithm is based on modular exponentiation. Numbers e, d and N are chosen with the property that if A is a number less than N, then (Ae mod N)d mod N = A. This means that you can encrypt A with e and decrypt using d. Conversely you can encrypt using d and decrypt using e (though doing it this way round is usually referred to as signing and verification). The pair of numbers (e,N) is known as the public key and can be published. The pair of numbers (d,N) is known as the private key and must be kept secret. The number e is known as the public exponent, the number d is known as the private exponent, and N is known as the modulus. When talking of key lengths in connection with RSA, what is meant is the modulus length. An algorithm that uses different keys for encryption and decryption is said to be asymmetric. Anybody knowing the public key can use it to create encrypted messages, but only the owner of the secret key can decrypt them. Conversely the owner of the secret key can encrypt messages that can be decrypted by anybody with the public key. Anybody successfully decrypting such messages can be sure that only the owner of the secret key could have encrypted them. This fact is the basis of the digital signature technique. 7. Without a diagram show DES steps and list formula of determining DES 16 rounds of Permutations for left and Right Block (5 Marks) DES exhibits the complementation property, namely that if we consider a triple length key to consist of three 56-bit keys K1, K2, K3 then encryption is as follows: Encrypt with K1 Decrypt with K2 Encrypt with K3 Decryption is the reverse process: Decrypt with K3 Encrypt with K2 Decrypt with K1 [pic] where [pic]is the bitwise complement of x. EK denotes encryption with key K. P and C denote plaintext and ciphertext blocks respectively. The complementation property means that the work for a brute force attack could be reduced by a factor of 2 (or a single bit) under a chosen-plaintext assumption. DES also has four so-called weak keys. Encryption (E) and decryption (D) under a weak key have the same effect: EK(EK(P)) = P or equivalently, EK = DK. There are also six pairs of semi-weak keys. Encryption with one of the pair of semiweak keys, K1, operates identically to decryption with the other, K2: [pic]or equivalently, [pic] It is easy enough to avoid the weak and semiweak keys in an implementation, either by testing for them explicitly, or simply by choosing keys randomly; the odds of picking a weak or semiweak key by chance are negligible. The keys are not really any weaker than any other keys anyway, as they do not give an attack any advantage. 1. Describe VOIP and explain SIP session setup as applied in VOIP Security VOIP refers to Voice over internet protocol. SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is an application-layer control protocol that can establish, modify, and terminate multimedia sessions such as Internet telephony calls (VOIP). SIP can also invite participants to already existing sessions, such as multicast conferences. SIP supports five facets of establishing and terminating multimedia communications in VOIP security: User location: determination of the end system to be used for communication; User availability: determination of the willingness of the called party to engage in communications; User capabilities: determination of the media and media parameters to be used; Session setup: ringing, stablishment of session parameters at both called and calling party; Session management: including transfer and termination of sessions, modifying session parameters, and invoking services. 2. Describe various types of Wireless Security protocols WEP encryption In the WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encryption security method, wireless stations must use a pre-shared key to connect to your network. This method is not recommended, due to known security flaws in the WEP protocol. It is provided for compatibility wit h existing wireless deployments. Note: The router and the wireless stations must be configured with the same WEP key. WPA-Personal: password authentication, encryption The WPA-Personal (Wi-Fi Protected Access) security method (also called WPA-PSK) uses MIC (message integrity check) to ensure the integrity of messages, and TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) to enhance data encryption. WPA-Personal periodically changes and authenticates encryption keys. This is called rekeying. This option is recommended for small networks, which want to authenticate and encrypt wireless data. Note: The router and the wireless stations must be configured with the same passphrase. WPA2 (802. 11i) The WPA2 security method uses the more secure Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cipher, instead of the RC4 cipher used by WPA and WEP. When using the WPA-Personal security methods, the ZoneAlarm enables you to restrict access to the WLAN network to wireless stations that support the WPA2 security method. If this setting is not selected, the ZoneAlarm router allows clients to connect using both WPA and WPA2. 4. To describe various types of Network firewalls and why they are vital component for maintaining a secure environment. Discuss how you can use various types of firewalls to be able to describe network forensics. . Explain various usage of biometrics and how they are used using real world examples IS AUDIT Case Study Background Displaytech, Inc. makes and sells with superior image quality for electronic viewfinders in consumer digital still cameras, camcorders, and mobile communication devices. Founded in 1985, it employs 50 employees at its headquarters in Longmont, Colorado. D isplaytech also has a partnership facility in Tokyo, Japan. The Challenge Displaytech experienced employee downsizing and shortly afterward hired a new management team. Its computer network was not given proper attention or resources during the transition. The new team was concerned with the systems security and stability. Displaytech wanted an unbiased assessment of the current network system with two specific goals: to identify vulnerable areas that could easily be breached and to define critical areas of the network that would likely impact the business during hardware or configuration failures. The company needed the assessment report to be easily translated into an action plan. It wanted to address network issues as quickly and efficiently as possible. The Result Mile High Networks conducted a security and stability audit of the entire network system including servers, routers and firewalls. Each component was evaluated with emphasis on device configuration and log files. Additionally, the entire network was evaluated for how the business was using resources to help identify vulnerable areas. Mile High Networks: Interviewed key department personnel to identify critical data and ascertain how the network was being used. Reviewed system logs for all network components to determine stability issues. Reviewed all network hardware identified as business critical to determine single points of failure. Evaluated all network perimeter device configurations that could make the network vulnerable. Evaluated company practices that could lead to system breaches. Assignment Assuming you are head of Mile High Networks that conducted security and stability audit. Write a comprehensive audit report giving detailed recommendations / Action plan . NB: Follow procedures of writing a academic research paper, Minimum of 8 pages. Check IS Audit power point

Monday, October 21, 2019

Free Essays on Raymond Carvers The Neighbors

Critical Essay Raymond Carver’s 1988 short story â€Å"Neighbors† displays a sure administration of theme, character, and setting. It is the tale of a seemingly typical couple, Bill and Arlene Miller, who intermittently turn the apartment of their out-of-town neighbors, the Stones, into a psychosexual playground. Insidiously at first, then with unrestraint, the house-sitters invade the Stones’ privacy: cross-dressing in their clothes, consuming drinks from their liquor cabinet, and extricating photographs that promise tantalizing thrills. Impassioned, the Millers’ make what promises to be a compelling visit to the Stones’ apartment – only to discover that Arlene has locked the key inside. Abruptly restricted from their fallen rapture, the couple huddles outside the door, feeling an ailing wind. In the exposition, Bill and Arlene are portrayed as an average married couple, living their normal everyday lives. They do not appear to have any complaints about how their lives are operating except for the fact that they â€Å"had been passed by somehow, leaving Bill to attend to his bookkeeping duties and Arlene occupied with secretarial chores† (59). The Millers’ are envious of other couples that seem to exist synonymously with them but still have a little more recreation in their relationships. By asking the couple to house-sit, the Stones’ open a new realm of fantasy for the Millers’ predictable lives by allowing them to envision themselves as characters that are different than what they have grown to be. Bill becomes deeply involved with this illusion, finding himself obsessed with the other apartment. He calls out of work and goes for a walk but does not feel adequate until he stops â€Å"at the Stones’ door on the chance he might he ar the cat moving about† (60). This depicts that he has become so infatuated with his secret life that he becomes almost climactic over the smallest details. The neighborsï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Raymond Carvers The Neighbors Free Essays on Raymond Carvers The Neighbors Critical Essay Raymond Carver’s 1988 short story â€Å"Neighbors† displays a sure administration of theme, character, and setting. It is the tale of a seemingly typical couple, Bill and Arlene Miller, who intermittently turn the apartment of their out-of-town neighbors, the Stones, into a psychosexual playground. Insidiously at first, then with unrestraint, the house-sitters invade the Stones’ privacy: cross-dressing in their clothes, consuming drinks from their liquor cabinet, and extricating photographs that promise tantalizing thrills. Impassioned, the Millers’ make what promises to be a compelling visit to the Stones’ apartment – only to discover that Arlene has locked the key inside. Abruptly restricted from their fallen rapture, the couple huddles outside the door, feeling an ailing wind. In the exposition, Bill and Arlene are portrayed as an average married couple, living their normal everyday lives. They do not appear to have any complaints about how their lives are operating except for the fact that they â€Å"had been passed by somehow, leaving Bill to attend to his bookkeeping duties and Arlene occupied with secretarial chores† (59). The Millers’ are envious of other couples that seem to exist synonymously with them but still have a little more recreation in their relationships. By asking the couple to house-sit, the Stones’ open a new realm of fantasy for the Millers’ predictable lives by allowing them to envision themselves as characters that are different than what they have grown to be. Bill becomes deeply involved with this illusion, finding himself obsessed with the other apartment. He calls out of work and goes for a walk but does not feel adequate until he stops â€Å"at the Stones’ door on the chance he might he ar the cat moving about† (60). This depicts that he has become so infatuated with his secret life that he becomes almost climactic over the smallest details. The neighborsï ¿ ½...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Make Way for New Words

Make Way for New Words Make Way for New Words Make Way for New Words By Mark Nichol The Oxford English Dictionary has an insatiable appetite for new entries: Every three months, it expands its inventory with dozens of words. A recent newspaper article, however, sensationalized recent acquisitions by selectively announcing a pile of pop-culture-inspired terms, missing the whole point of a dictionary. The OED, like most other dictionaries, is descriptivist: It describes the state of the language. Some descriptivist resources weigh in on the formality of given entries, or their acceptability by a panel of language experts. The procedure for approving candidate terms for inclusion varies, as dictionary staffs differ on how long a term should have been in general circulation before it earns the stamp of approval. But dictionaries do not include or omit words based on their quality. So, withhold your outrage when you read that you can now find such entries as bromance (a close friendship between two men), guyliner (eyeliner worn by a man), and mankini (a man’s one-piece bathing suit with shoulder straps). The apocalypse is not nigh. The OED is merely reflecting usage. (Well, OK, maybe the apocalypse is nigh.) But wait, you argue. You wouldn’t be caught uttering or penning one of those words, inducted into the OED in 2011. My rebuttal? I deduce that you are over twenty-five years old. Well, yes, you might reply as is a majority of the world’s English-reading population. That’s true, and many people born in the last twenty-five years would probably be embarrassed to employ one of these terms in conversation, too. But many folks of all ages know these words they’re in our word-hoard, whether we choose to speak or write them or not. And though some may turn out to be ephemeral, the OED has rightfully catalogued them as being in current usage. Here are a few terms added in the most recent round that I predict might have more staying power than those listed above: Cybercast: an online audiovisual broadcast Paywall: an online system that restricts access to those who pay a subscription Super PAC: a political action committee with restrictions on funding as long as specific political candidates are not the recipients In the What Took You So Long category are such terms as blacktop, a verb describing the process of paving a surface (the noun form already existed in the OED’s pages), earthlike (self-explanatory), and supertitle, the word for transcribed or translated text displayed above a stage or on a screen. In the Department of Redundancy Department category is bimble, a synonym (primarily used in British English) for amble or meander. But English is replete with multiple words with the same meaning, so bring it on. An honorable mention, for clever coinage, goes to aptronym, the word for a personal name usually humorously or ironically suited to the person, such as in the case of an undertaker named Grimm or a clumsy woman named Grace. Whether you love or hate each of these terms or the hundreds of others being poured into dictionaries each year, keep in mind that although inclusion does enhance the possibility that they will be used more often, the realm of English is a free country, and you are welcome to accept or reject them in your own writing. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?"Replacement for" and "replacement of"People vs. Persons

Saturday, October 19, 2019

What Factors lead to hyperinflations and what can be done to eliminate Essay

What Factors lead to hyperinflations and what can be done to eliminate them - Essay Example ral cause of hyperinflation may be described as follows – an unprecedented rise in money supply that is bereft of any growth in output or services creates a disparity between the demand and supply of money. This imbalance leads to a loss of confidence in the value of the money and finally, hyperinflation. The situation becomes such gruesome that any kind of legal tender laws, price controls, fail to return the confidence on the value of the paper money, which is without any intrinsic value to the consumer. If the government resorts to excessive printing of money and if it gets a friendly environment to foster inflation, hyperinflation keeps on sustaining and in a cumulative manner, erodes the economy day by day. The government in such case often fails to match the pace of its currency printing mechanism with that of the devaluating currency (the rate at which the currency is losing its value). (Hyperinflation: causes, cures†) The incident of hyperinflation is almost always associated with the paper form of money. This is because it is the simplest way to increase money supply. In most of the cases after experiencing hyperinflation, an economy reverts to hard money. An investigation into the basic causes of hyperinflation will offer more questions than answers. According to the monetarists and the classical economists, a hyperinflation is always led by irresponsible borrowing of money by the government in order to pay all of its expenses. The monetary and classical theory regarding the hyperinflation center on the untamed seignorage on behalf of the monetary authority and the gains they can reap off the inflation tax. The neo liberals, on the other hand, explain hyperinflation in terms of the confidence crisis. The neoliberal theory of hyperinflation is known as the quantity theory of hyperinflation. According to them loss of confidence of the mass on the capability of paper money to readily transform int o hard currency like gold, silver or other form of

Friday, October 18, 2019

CIM - Task 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CIM - Task 5 - Essay Example After analyzing the positive factors, the firms should also analyze the challenges that may impede its entry through optimal marketing mix. So, this report will analyze how the non-profit organisation, London Children’s Connection (LCC) can capitalise on the existing opportunities in India by entering it, with the aid of effective marketing strategies. London Children’s Connection (LCC) is a London based non-profit organization, which focuses on child care and their education, from infancy till their school age. â€Å"We provide high quality child care programs and related services that encompass the care, education and guidance of children, from infancy to school age.† (lcc.on.ca). The main customer base are the working parents, who are offered a variety of services. â€Å"home-based child care, centre-based child care, school-based care, and before and after school care† (lcc.on.ca). So, LCC positively supports the parents and importantly the children, by providing them safe and quality care as well as good basic education. LCC operates in London and the surrounding areas, but opportunities for it exist in other parts of the world as well. That is, the already successful LCC could be optimally utilized, if it concentrates on Third World countries like India. When it decides to enter the prospective country like India, it has to analyze few aspects. Although, nowadays India is developing economically, many people are still living below the poverty line. Among this proportion of downtrodden people, children are the main sufferers. In India, children living under the poverty line, orphans and also street children are all living in hazardous, vulnerable and unfavourable situations. That is, they live without proper parental care and without any basic education. â€Å"Nearly one-fourth of Indias population is below the poverty line. India accounts for more than 20 percent of the worlds out-of-school children. There are about 84 million orphaned and

Vanderbilt Law School debate on the Death penalty Essay - 1

Vanderbilt Law School debate on the Death penalty - Essay Example Owing to the above details provided, the opponent of death penalty, Dr. Ken Haas, was more convincing in his argument (Haas and Marquis). Death penalty is not only about liberal or conservative politics but also about the moral choices of this nation. This dispels any notion that the death penalty debate is about conservative and liberal politics. The proponent of the death penalty elaborates that this form of punishment should only be utilized on the most heinous criminals. As such, most murder convicts would not face execution since the majority would not repeat their actions. Convicts such Mohamed who repeatedly killed innocent civilians should face such severe punishment. This is because they have proved clearly that they had the intent to commit the crime repeatedly. On a moral basis, this punishment is unacceptable owing to the sacred nature of life. However, the proponent reveals that this severe disciplinary measure has a deterrent effect on criminals. According to the research cited, it reveals that the penalty saves hundred of innocent civilians. Overall, this punishment is immoral, but the justice system sh ould have this option owing to some extreme scenarios that require measures. The death penalty is inappropriate but a legal necessity (Haas and Marquis). Death penalty has caused a lot of controversy even among judges. Subsequently, in 1985 some judges were deemed unfit to partake in court proceedings since their views would impede their ability to make fair decisions in line with the existing statutes. The opponent thinks that the research on the deterrent effect of execution is a culmination of defective research. The assumption in this kind of research is rationality. However, most criminal who will face such punishments as execution have limited options. The only possible punishment is a life sentence without a chance for parole. Therefore, both punishments are severe. Hence, it will have no deterrent

The effects of peer-mediation on suspension of middle school students Dissertation

The effects of peer-mediation on suspension of middle school students - Dissertation Example The paper tells that since 2001, children in grades K-12 have become the focus of attention because of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. This legislation made schools across the country focus on student achievement and standardized testing. This testing brought with it a set of problems that encouraged many schools to stop extracurricular activities like music and art, and many have also stopped recess. In the process of this focus, another focus also became apparent after the school shootings at Columbine High School in 1999. These school shootings created a mass apprehension in high schools across the country about bullying and school violence. Since the Columbine incident, many schools have noticed a rise in student aggression, conflict and school violence. Unfortunately, when students create this type of behavior, and it comes to the attention of the administration, the students are usually suspended. This trend to suspend has affected minority students more often than non-mi nority students and there is a larger prevalence of suspensions in urban school districts with large minority populations. In a study by the Southern Poverty Law Center that surveyed 9,000 middle schools, and which involved a national sample, the research found that 28.3% of black males were suspended four times as often as non-minority males. Hispanic males also had a 16.3% higher risk of suspension than their white peers. In the same study, 18 urban districts were examined and 175 middle schools in the districts suspended more than one third of their black male students. ... The most prevalent reasons were defying authority or not going to in-school suspensions. There is no doubt that there has been an increase in school suspensions over the last several years between 2003 through 2011. Sisco (2004) also speaks to this topic and states that these children are being suspended for breaking small school rules but also for behavior problems like fighting, bringing weapons to school, drug possession, bullying or other aggressive or disruptive actions. Many schools have a no tolerance policy which means that certain behaviors like bullying or violent behavior brings about automatic suspension. However, these measures do not seem to be working in most cases because the behaviors continue (Losen and Skiba, 2010; Sisco, 2004, Lane-Garon, Ybarra-Merlo, Zajac, J., & Vierra, 2005). Losen and Skiba (2010) pointed out that the middle school experience is important to a student’s future academic success. The challenge at this level is that suspensions can crea te repercussions that are long-term which means that students will lose aspects of instruction that may be important to their future success. Some of these children will who do not change their behaviors will go to prison where they may lose time in education while they are going through the process of problems with law enforcement (Losen and Skiba, 2010). Losen and Skiba also found that those suspended were generally black or Hispanic males along with a small number of female Hispanic or black females. The fact that these children are â€Å"being removed from the opportunity to learn at a much higher rate than their peers† (Losen and Skiba, 2010, p. 8) creates more problems for them academically as they move from

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Assignments for Analyzing Warrants Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignments for Analyzing Warrants - Coursework Example In her passage, Katherine Butler Hathaway says that she could not risk showing to any man that it was possible for her to think and have love. By introducing the word â€Å"man†, she illustrations to whom are her fears directed to, thus the reason why she cannot take the risk (Putman 321). This concept brings on board the concept of time. Analogy relates and compares similar aspects or situations, given a condition or an occasion. Katherine Butler Hathaway uses the word â€Å"repeated† in her passage when she talks about her encounters with the mirror. She also uses the word â€Å"tendency† when she writes about her forgetting of things she had seen. Repeated and tendency offers a comparison at a point in time (Putman 335). Repeated in this case measures how much often she interacts with the mirror while tendency presents the frequency with which the author of the passage forgets the things she sees. Another warrant that the conclusion by the author is based on is the sign. The sign tries to assert the truth of the claim by pointing out to a thing or things that are actually linked to that truth that is said to support the claim. It is possible that normal people may not consider Katherine Butler Hathaway beautiful or worth to love due to her condition. Her condition here is the sign, and her experiences given her state is evidence enough to this claim. Statements by experts are also used to warrant claims. These statements are commonly known as expert testimonies. The statement, â€Å"I thought of sexual love as an honor that was too great and too beautiful for the body in which I was doomed to live" has been used to warrant the author’s claim in her conclusion about the relationship between love and beauty (Putman

Caring for Filipino Patients with Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Caring for Filipino Patients with Cancer - Essay Example The problem with the American health care practices lies behind the fact that most of the American physicians are practicing paternalistic decision-making and patient autonomy (Schmit, 2005). In line with this, most of the American physicians are not aware that the practice of too much paternalistic decision-making and patient autonomy can lead to Filipino cancer patients’ dissatisfaction with regards to the health care services they receive from the U.S.-based hospitals. The problem with the use of pure American health care system is that the American physicians may sometimes tend to forget about knowing how a Filipino cancer patient would prefer to discuss their treatment and care (Harle et al., 2007; Schmit, 2005). For example: It is possible that most of the Filipino cancer patients would prefer to have at least one of their family members to be present while discussing the patient’s health diagnosis including the recommended treatment or medication that can enable the cancer patient to alleviate pain. Since American physicians are trained to practice patient autonomy and confidentiality, most of Filipino cancer patients are not able to be with their family members at the time the physician would discuss about their diagnosis. By nature, Filipinos are not confrontational. For this reason, nurses should assure the patients that it is good to ask them questions whenever they have doubts about the care and treatment they are receiving from the hospital and health care professionals (Schmit, 2005). For example: In case a cancer patient is given a new medication, nurses should make the patient know that they have the right to know about the name of drug and purpose of the medication given to them by the nurses. In line with this, cancer patients or patients in general will always have the right to refuse to take the medication. Despite the cultural differences between the American nurses and Filipino cancer patients, nurses should always build a

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Assignments for Analyzing Warrants Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignments for Analyzing Warrants - Coursework Example In her passage, Katherine Butler Hathaway says that she could not risk showing to any man that it was possible for her to think and have love. By introducing the word â€Å"man†, she illustrations to whom are her fears directed to, thus the reason why she cannot take the risk (Putman 321). This concept brings on board the concept of time. Analogy relates and compares similar aspects or situations, given a condition or an occasion. Katherine Butler Hathaway uses the word â€Å"repeated† in her passage when she talks about her encounters with the mirror. She also uses the word â€Å"tendency† when she writes about her forgetting of things she had seen. Repeated and tendency offers a comparison at a point in time (Putman 335). Repeated in this case measures how much often she interacts with the mirror while tendency presents the frequency with which the author of the passage forgets the things she sees. Another warrant that the conclusion by the author is based on is the sign. The sign tries to assert the truth of the claim by pointing out to a thing or things that are actually linked to that truth that is said to support the claim. It is possible that normal people may not consider Katherine Butler Hathaway beautiful or worth to love due to her condition. Her condition here is the sign, and her experiences given her state is evidence enough to this claim. Statements by experts are also used to warrant claims. These statements are commonly known as expert testimonies. The statement, â€Å"I thought of sexual love as an honor that was too great and too beautiful for the body in which I was doomed to live" has been used to warrant the author’s claim in her conclusion about the relationship between love and beauty (Putman

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Risk Management - Essay Example This proposal had been blocked by local bodies in the 90s, citing health hazards. To overcome strong resentment, the government was more than willing to develop partnerships with potential candidate sites. Geological disposal is a long-term waste management option involving the placement of radioactive waste in an engineered repository at between 200 and 1000 metres underground where rock structures provide a barrier against the escape of radioactivity. This process has been successful implemented in many countries in the west and the UK has also been a major beneficiary of this technique. However, there remains a core group in UK who find this hard to believe and have blocked moves by the government to implement it in many communities around UK. The UK has a history of failure of finding an acceptable site for the disposal of intermediate and high level radioactive waste (ILW and HLW). Limited space and local opposition are two factors that contribute to this problem. Under the circumstances, the largest volumes of waste are stored at the Sellafield site in West Cumbria, in addition to significant volumes of waste stored at the various nuclear power stations around the country. This is a temporary solution as, in addition to this waste, created through fifty years of nuclear operations, will be the waste produced by the decommissioning of the older generation of nuclear facilities. The current estimate of the total radioactive waste inventory after decommissioning is complete is around 238,400 m3 of ILW and 2,710 m3 of HLW. Higher activity waste from the nuclear, chemical, and biological industries, involved in military uses and academic research, is to be managed through long term geological disposal. This involves placing radioactive and other toxic wastes in facilities deep underground, where the rock structures will provide a barrier against radioactivity. The decision was in keeping with the recommendation of the Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM) in July. Geological disposal was identified by CoRWM as being the option that would perform best in terms of security and protecting the public and the environment. In order to safeguard public interests, planning and development of geological disposal will be based on: 1. The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority with shoulder all responsibilities and accountabilities to address

Monday, October 14, 2019

Teaching And Learning Problem Solving

Teaching And Learning Problem Solving Education nowadays has been criticized by different area and educators try to reform the ways of teaching and learning (Kirkley, 2003). Problem Solving defines as step to reaching the goal or desire state from where we are now ( Medin, Ross Markman, 2004). Kirkly (2003) stated that learner nowadays are short of basic literacy skill and higher order thinking. Basic literary skill is important to learn problem solving largely depend on basic literary skill ( Kirkly). If a learner cannot master basic literacy skill, things that able to represent will be less. As the rising of technology, higher problem solving skill on mathematics and science are needed. They found that students who not able to master literacy skills and cannot not learn and develop higher ordering skills and problem solving ( Kirkly, 2003). Problem solving that mainly can be found while study mathematics. However, Baron (2012) found that a lot of students face the difficulty to pass the test math no matter how much of tutoring, extra classes had given. In addition, not only college students face this kind of problem, children also face similar problem. Types of math problem that face by children is word math problem. Word math problem is type of math that uses English word to explain the question instead of using the equation to explain the questions that need students to be solved. As a teacher, they ways those mathematics teachers teach the next generation also one of the problem that need to discuss. In the old days, teacher only can provide few ways to teach student to solve the math problem. However, not all students have the skill to absorb teaching style on providing information, guideline to solve the question. Moreover, teacher style on teaching students in the few past decade may not be efficient or work on current generation. When a person learn how to solve a particular modal, it will become as a short cut as the person only need to remember the process of solving the problem from the beginning, it only apply on the similar problem that solve before( Kirkly,2003). One of the model that explain problem solving process is when individual doing a problem solving, their cognitive will start by representing the problem then do a solution search, finally implement the solution (Gick, 1986 as cited in Kirkly,2003). If a person successfully find a solution, their cognitive will stop there, conversely, they will redo the step searching solution and representing the problem if they fail to find the solution (Kirkly).When a similar problem is presented, it become short cut as a person cognitive will be able to recall and implement the solution by remembering how they solved similar problem before. Problem solving require a lot of abstract representation that the reason we need to master basic literacy skill. For example, when a learner trying solved a word math problem, learner need to understand the meaning of the word such as increase, product of, less than, equally pieces and others. Then they need to transfer into mathematics symbol and form an equation form to solve the problem. However, human cognitive not able to hold too much representation at the same time and human only able to remember three to seven items ( Medin et al., 2004). Different types of mathematics problem use different types of problem solving method. Types of problem solving method can categorized at algorithm and heuristics. Heuristic have three ways which is using hill climbing, mean ends analysis and working (Medin et al., 2004). For example, a mathematics question that asks how much plus three will be ten? A younger child might use algorithm technique test all the number in order to find the correct answer. As for older child, the will likely use working backward method to find the answer. There are a lot of solution that can be found in educations field. For example, teachers will let provide a lot of similar problem to let their learner or students to solve and in the end createshort cut thinking. By this students will notice the similarity of each problem and able to transfer their skills. This solution can be found in teaching mathematics skill. Students math textbook present a lot of solution to student as an example to solve the similar problem but broader schema that expert are actually use is not available to student (McAllister, 1995). Student dont know which and how is the appropriate first step to do when they faced a problem (McAllister,).Teacher who use explicit translation strategy (ETS ) found to be effective in solving math word problem (INQUIRE, 2008). Explicit translation strategy is to teach students how to translate concrete problem into mathematical equation(INQUIRE, 2008). Research also found that students who teach using the ETS and receive extra learning lesson are able to perform better than other group in the math problem solving that held two weeks later (Darch, Carnine Gersten, 1984). As stated above, students who want to develop problem solving skills need to master basic literacy skills well (Kirkly, 2003). Therefore students need to keep practice different types mathematics problem regularly. Then, students should be teaches by teacher who are expect, more important teachers should be able to provide different method to solve a problem and more complicate example when students able to solve basic mathematical problem. Extra learning material should be given to help students to learn the ability to transform the skill that students learn from other problem. Severin(2007) found students who be given change to learn different type of problem solving strategies able to help student to solve others problem. Technology item also can be use to helps teacher and student improves their problem solving a ability. Teacher can create a learning site and provide different types of fun, stories problem solving question to attract their interest and provide them change to do trial and error while they playing problem solving game while learning. This is because how much a student put effort while doing a math problem will have an effect on their success rate (Severin, 2007). In addition we also can use computer technology to help us in teaching because technology make easier for students to access more information. In the days that computer still not able to own by every family, information on solving a math problem only depend on the knowledge of the teacher. Now, students can asses and absorb more and more idea to solve a math problem. Conclusion, problem solving can be use in different field. By knowing how to teach and learn are the key to teach students and children to develop their problem solving better in the future.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Shikata Ganai - It Cant Be Helped :: Free Essay Writer

Shikata Ganai - It Cant Be Helped Welcome to August 6, 1945. In a final attempt to end World War II, the United States of America drops the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a major industrial and military center. Temperatures are more sweltering than the surface of the sun. Light is resplendent. Air is thick and heavy with an enveloping radiation. John Hershey informs us of the experiences of six people that survived the planets’ first nuclear explosion in Hiroshima. Hiroshima begins by characterizing the situations of the six individuals just before and at the moment of the explosion that changed history. The book first introduces Miss Toshiko Sasaki, a personnel clerk in the East Asia Tin works, who had just turned to chat with her friend during a rest from work. Next, Dr. Masakazu Fujii, a doctor at a private hospital, was introduced as relaxing on his clinic’s porch and reading the daily newspaper, a stone’s throw away from a calm river. At the same time, Mrs. Hatsuyo Nakamura was watching her next door neighbor, who was making way for a larger fire escape route, through her kitchen window. Fr. Wilhelm Kleinsorge, a German priest, was lying on a couch in his room reading a magazine, corresponding with the actions of Dr. Terufumi Sasaki, a surgeon who was walking down a hospital corridor carrying blood specimens. Finally, Rev. Mr. Kiyoshi Tanimoto, the pastor of the Hiroshima Methodist Church, was in the process of tiredly m oving the belongings of his house of worship. Unbeknownst to these innocent civilians as they were carrying out their daily tasks, a plane called the Enola Gay silently passed unnoticed overhead and quietly dropped the world’s deadliest bomb that altered the future. A noiseless flash of light was the only warning they received, a split-second which gave them just enough time to turn their heads. The bomb detonated at ground zero, and in seconds, hell unlike any other kind unraveled. Miss Sasaki was knocked unconscious when her bookcase, due to the impact of the blast, trampled her to the ground. She lay trapped, as the bookcase had fallen on and crushed her leg, leaving her crippled. In the years to follow, she learns to overcome this disability and enters a house of Catholic nuns. She spends a great deal of her life aiding orphaned children.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Once :: essays research papers

Once again football mania descends on the country as we root for our boys in Japan. Catch all things World Cup with our dedicated World Cup channel. Get the latest results direct to your mobile, keep up to date with news headlines and win fabulous prizes. And if World Cup isn't your thing, we've got a special World Cup antidote to see you through this difficult time... All this and much, much more with World Cup 2002 @ ntlworld. News (from News (from Ananova): Stephen Byers resigns Transport Secretary Stephen Byers has resigned. Blunkett vows to preserve powers on 'whole life' sentencing Pakistan test fires second short range missile Four questioned over  £10m drugs haul British government accused of sacrificing human rights Weather (from WSI): Check the latest forecast Sport (from Ananova): Keane rejects chance of World Cup U-turn Roy Keane has explained why he has turned down the chance to rejoin the Republic of Ireland World Cup squad. Luck of draw puts Ipswich in Uefa Cup Henman wins opening French Open match Trulli keeps fourth place Beckham expected to face Sweden Entertainment (from Ananova): Michael Jackson and David Blaine coming to Exeter Michael Jackson and David Blaine are to make personal appearances at a charity event at Exeter City's football ground. Punk group 'shot at' as they leave gig Jordan delighted that Yorke was at birth Sir Alan Parker receives knighthood Bond actor Moore urges world to focus on children Money (from Ananova): FTSE hit by banking stocks and weak US opening The FTSE 100 has closed down 62.1 at 5074.2 Vodafone boss may receive bonus pay-out Record increase in monthly mortgage lending Barclays issues warning on bad debt provisions Carlton's core earnings tumble News (from Ananova): Stephen Byers resigns Transport Secretary Stephen Byers has resigned. Blunkett vows to preserve powers on 'whole life' sentencing Pakistan test fires second short range missile Four questioned over  £10m drugs haul British government accused of sacrificing human rights Weather (from WSI): Check the latest forecast Sport (from Ananova): Keane rejects chance of World Cup U-turn Roy Keane has explained why he has turned down the chance to rejoin the Republic of Ireland World Cup squad. Luck of draw puts Ipswich in Uefa Cup Henman wins opening French Open match Trulli keeps fourth place Beckham expected to face Sweden Entertainment (from Ananova): Michael Jackson and David Blaine coming to Exeter

Friday, October 11, 2019

Jesse Owens †A Legend Essay

The legendary Track and Field athlete, known to the world as Jesse Owens, was born James Cleveland Owens on September 12, 1913. It’s claimed that the nine-year-old’s accent made it difficult for his schoolteacher in Ohio to understand Owens when he gave his name as â€Å"JC. † Instead the teacher wrote his name down as â€Å"Jesse† (Gentry, 1990, p. 34). Jesse’s first brush with running was to be in the hills of Alabama, his home state. At the time though, Jesse was a sickly child given to frequent attacks of Pneumonia and other medical issues including the appearance of boils. His training for the track and field events only began when he entered Fairmont Junior High School where he was noticed by Charles Riley, an Irishman who was quick to take into account Jesse’s â€Å"potential† despite his lack of a strong physique. Riley, took the time to coach Jesse before school began each day so that Jesse would be free after school to do the part time jobs he’d taken up to contribute towards his family’s financial betterment. There’s nothing to show that Jesse’s typical workouts weren’t anything but pretty basic in terms of the equipment available and the routines followed in those early years. Practicing the various techniques of starting and running as well as long jump is what Jesse engaged in. Making the most of this humble start, Jesse soon began to draw attention to his abilities, having by this time, enrolled in East Technical High School. Owens then went on to join the Ohio State University where he continued to break records and draw attention though still failing to get a scholarship on account of his race. Owens greatest contribution to American history came in Berlin where the 1936 Summer Olympics were held. Jesse Owens went on to win four gold medals for his country – 100m sprint, 200m sprint, 4 x100m relay and long jump – in the face of strong prejudices exhibited by Adolf Hitler who was intent on showing off the superiority of the Aryan race to the world. Americans greeted him with great enthusiasm on his return, and cheered his accomplishments heartily (Corrigan, 1990, p. 18). Track and Field events gained popularity in the United States. However, Jesse himself was not to benefit from all these events.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Fear in Lord of the Flies Essay

Human are the most civilized species on this planet. However, what makes people act civilly is constantly questioned. This question is explored in William Golding’s novel, The Lord of the Flies. In the novel, the fragile state of civilization created by the boys is constantly pitted against the destructive force of fear which motivates the boys to desert their civilized upbringing and hunt first and finally become murders. When the boys land onto the island, they know there are no adults or parents around so they know they have to create their own civilization. The boys attempt to create a civilization by each one having a job. Additionally, they elect a leader; establish rules and consequences, use the conch one person at a time, hunt, and keep the fire going in a case ship passes by. Their civilization is fragile because of the age of the boys and the lack of parental maturity. Shortly the boy’s civilization isn’t working because they know that they can get away with things that they can’t get away with at home. For example, â€Å"Here, invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life. Round the squatting child was the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law. Roger’s arm was conditioned by a civilization that knew nothing of him and was in ruins† (Golden 62). ————————————————- Despite the beauty of the Island, fear is all around them. The boys think that the â€Å"beast† is an animal on the island when it really is the beast within all of them. Simon finds out the beast is not an animal. The pig tells Simon that if he tells everyone that the pig is within all of them the pig is going to kill him. For example, â€Å"This is ridiculous. You know perfectly well you’ll only meet me down there-so don’t try to escape!† (Golden 143). ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- Jack quickly takes the most brutal job for himself jis explains â€Å"All, the same you need Army-for hunting† (Golding#32). This civilization is fragile because of the age of these little boys and there is no parental control.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Literacy as foundation for lifelong learning Essay

Literacy is a fundamental human right and the foundation for lifelong learning. The innovation of writing is one of mankind’s useful creations, it is more than the ability to read and write it’s also the ability to understand what you’re reading and what makes sense in what you’re writing. A person who cannot read and understand sentences, which cannot interpret and cannot write, is called an illiterate person. Illiteracy is the inability to read and write. Literacy makes a person more confident, ambitious and successful in life. Persons with a good education tend to be more confident and ambitious than those who are illiterate. Literacy is thought to have first emerged with the development of numeracy and computational devices. It increases job opportunities and access to higher education; it helps in the economic growth and development of a country. Increases Vocabulary Reading increases your vocabulary, it help persons to learn new words and improves their spelling, the more you read, the more words you gain exposure to and they will inevitably make their way into your everyday vocabulary. Reading also helps in your talking skills. It helps you understand different ways of life and expands your imagination. Stress Reduction A well-written novel, play or newspaper will distract you and keep you in the present moment, letting tensions drain away and allowing you to relax. Reading is a wonderful source of pleasure for many people, and can provide a healthy escape from routine. Mental Stimulation Reading helps to keep the brain active, us like every other muscles in the body, and the brain requires exercise to keep it strong and healthy. Reading prevents the brain from Alzheimer’s and Dementia. Better writing skills This goes hand-in-hand with the expansion of your vocabulary: exposure to published, well-written work has a noted effect on one’s own writing, as observing the cadence, fluidity, and writing styles of other authors will invariably influence your own work. Tranquility In addition to the relaxation that accompanies reading a good book, it’s possible that the subject you read about can bring about immense inner peace and tranquility. Reading spiritual texts can lower blood pressure and bring about an immense sense of calm, while reading self-help books has been shown to help people suffering from certain mood disorders and mild mental illnesses.

Choosing the Effective Method for the Research Essay

Choosing the Effective Method for the Research - Essay Example What procedure enhances the applicability of the research methodology processes relating to the research conducted? Background to the Storyline Hucker (2001) observes that a researcher tends to make definite choices over different types of research methods in the course of conducting a research in an effective fashion. The researcher may focus on gathering information all by oneself from the larger market or may depend on large amount of data sets whether published physically or available online to conduct the research needed. The course of gathering information from the larger available market through the identification of a target population holds to be Primary Research while that which focuses on gathering information rendered by others relating to the same topic holds to be of Secondary Research type. Hucker (20001) further states that available information relating to Secondary Research methods is gained through the avid study of large number of journals, books, articles, govern ment publications and other type of data sources available whether in print and online form. These data sources help the researcher to gain hold of authentic information related to the research question where information is obtained from different peers. Secondary research also helps the researcher to save both cost and time related to the research activity. Similarly Primary Research methods are found to be in use through the construction of questionnaires through which interview is conducted over a sample population. Herein the researcher is required to understand and evaluate on the type of questionnaire to be constructed whether structured or semi-structured or fully unstructured in nature to assist in gaining the right type of information sought. Qualitative and Quantitative Research methods gain emergence on the pattern of research activity taken depending on non-statistical or incorporation of statistical research conducts. However in many cases as Hucker (2001) states that t he process of triangulation is followed where the researcher is required to incorporate or combine different research methods for conducting a total project (Hucker, 2001, p.8-11). Literature Review Types of Research Methods Kothari (2009) observes reflects that based on the needs of different types of researches a variety of research methodologies have come into existence. Firstly where the researcher is required to conduct the research based on historical or already existing information focus is rendered from gaining the same through library research techniques. Herein the researcher tends to use contents gained from literary sources or other information sources like recordings audio or print to formulate the research. Similarly where the researcher is required to gain current information from the field the research types are generally experimental or exploratory in nature. Herein the researcher is required to formulate different questions whether structured or unstructured to con duct interviews on a targeted sample population and thereby to gain needed inferences and information. Questionnaires are rendered either by mailers or telephonic interview is conducted over the target population. Similarly, Kothari (2009) also focuses on the use of Case Study based research where the focus of the research is narrowed down to a particular issue that bears representation to the research objectives

Monday, October 7, 2019

I need to analyze the impact that two trade blocs have on Essay

I need to analyze the impact that two trade blocs have on globalization. To analyze the NAFTA (The North American Free Trade Agreement) trade bloc as well as CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement) - Essay Example NAFTA is the short for North American Free Trade Agreement, with partners including United States, Canada and Mexico. Officially agreed upon in 1992, the concept already had been conceived during 1980s when US President Ronald Reagan expressed his desire to form a unified North American market (Baliles, 2010, Para. 1). CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement), also signed in 1992, on the other hand is an association formed between the non-Euro nations, which are mainly concentrated around Central and South-Eastern Europe. Initially comprising fourteen nations, the number of membership gradually receded to five with some of them moving into the Euro zone. The five member nations are Poland, The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Slovenia) (Pal, n.d., p. 1). Purpose behind the formation of either trade bloc had been promotion of economic growth over the respective regions. Consolidation of nations to form an entity actually facilitates in gaining market and barg aining powers among the international community. These were indeed, the fundamental objectives which played in the minds of the founders while shaping their ideas Consolidation of the NAFTA has resulted to an agricultural boom over the region, which has added to the aggregate agricultural supplies of the world. Moreover, Canada had almost been unnoticed prior to its incorporation, but the world soon realized the nation’s immense investment potentials once that its presence was felt. Member nations of CEFTA too are primarily dependent upon agriculture. Given their enhanced power, the CEFTA nations now export their produce more efficiently and in a manner so as to trigger widespread market demand (Pal, n.d., p. 3). Hence, they too have added to aggregate agricultural products, besides expanding the consumption goods basket.